Manipal microbiology spotters 1st block.pdf

Manipal spotters

1. Streptococcus
this medium.
4.
Give
two
examples
of
fastidious
bacteria
growing
on
3.
Mention
two
uses
of
this
medium.
b)
Demonstration
of
hemolytic
property
a)
Enhances
growth
of
fastidious
bacteria
3.Two uses:
this?
2.
Based
on
nutritive
property,
what
kind
of
medium
is
2. Enriched medium 1. Blood agar
1.Identify
the
culture
medium.
1.
BLOOD
AGAR-
ANSWERS
1.
BLOOD
AGAR
QUESTIONS
pneumoniae
4. StreptococcUS PyOgenes

2. 4.
Blood
agar,
Loeffler's
serum
slope.
type.
4.
Give
examples
of
two
other
culture
media
of
similar
providing
3.
Mention
two
uses
of
this
medium.
Neisseria spp. a)
Enhances
growth
of
fastidious
bacteria
like
3. Two uses:
this?
2.
2. Enriched medium.
identification property.
1.Identify the culture
Dark-brOWn colored,
1. Chocolate agar.
2.
CHOCOLATE
AGAR
QUESTIONS
2.
CHCOLATE
AGAR
ANSWERS
X and V
factors.
b)
Promotes
growth
of
Haemophilus
spp.
by
Based on
nutritive
property,
what
kind
of
medium
is
medium.
Mention the
opaque, solid
medium

3. 3. MACCONKEY'S AGAR-QUESTIONS
1. Identify the culture medium.
2. Based on function, what kind of medium is this?
3. Mention two uses of this medium.
4. Give two examples for lactose fermenting and non
lactose fermenting Gram negative bacilli of clinical
importance.
3.
MACCONKEY'S AGAR
ANSWERS
1. MacConkey's agar
2.
Differential medium/Indicator medium
3.Two uses:
a)
Differentiation of lactose and
non-lactose
fermenting bacteria
b) Inhibition of
swarming growth of Proteus spp.
4. Lactose fermenting: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae
Non-lactose fermenting: Salmonella Typhi,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

4. 4. TCBS AGAR-QUESTIONS
1. Identify the culture medium with identification
properties in support.
2. What type of culture medium is this?
3. What is the use of this medium?
4. Give examples of two other media used for the
same purpose.
4. TCBS AGAR ANSWERS
1. Thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS
agar).
It is a translucent, green coloured, solid medium.
2. Selective medium
3. Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from stool
specimen.
4. Alkaline bile salt agar
Monsur's gelatin taurocholate trypticase tellurite
agar (GTTA)

5. 5. ROBERTSON'S COOKED MEAT BROTH
-QUESTIONS
1. Identify the medium.
2. What kind of medium is this?
3. What is the use of this medium?
4. Give examples of two bacteria growing in this
medium.
5.ROBERTSON'S COOKED MEAT ROTH
ANSWERS
1. Robertson's cooked meat broth
2. It is a liquid anaerobic culture medium.
3. It is used to grow anaerobic bacteria.
4. Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis

6. 6.THIOGLYCOLLATE BROTH-QUESTIONS
1. ldentify the medium.
2. Name one use of this medium.
6.
THIOGLYCOLLATE BROTH-ANSWERS
1. Thioglycollate broth.
2. It is used to grow anaerobes.

7. 7. GASPAK JAR-QUESTIONS
1. Identify the
instrument.
2. Name two bacterial pathogens that can be
cultivated using this.
3. Name two culture media uscd for similar
purpose.
7. GASPAK JAR-ANSWERS
1.Gaspak jar
2. Clostridium tetani, Bacteroides fragilis
3.
Robertson's cooked meat broth, Neomycin
blood agar

8. 8.INOCULATION LOOP-ANSWERS
8.INOCULATION LOOP-QUESTIONS
ldentify the item
1.
1.
2. Mention
2.
It
is
used
to
inoculate
clinical
specimens
on
to
solid culture media.
3.
How
is
it
sterilized?
3.
Flame
sterilization
(till
the
loop
becomes
red
hot)
Inoculation loop.
the uses.

9. 9.STERILE COTTON SWAB -QUESTIONS
1. Identify the spotter.
2. Namne any two other types of swabs used for
specimen collection.
3. How are the cotton swabs sterilized?
9. STERILE COTTON SWAB -ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
Sterile cotton Swab.
Dacron swab, Rayon swab.
In Hot air oven -160°C for 2 hrs.

10. 10. EMBRYONATED EGG-QUESTIONS
1. ldentify the spotter.
2. What is it's application in diagnostic
microbiology?
3. Enumerate various routes of inoculation
giving example for each.
141 220101104
10. EMBRYONATED EGG-ANSWERS
1.Embryonated egg
2. a) Cultivation of rickettsiae and viruses
b) Preparation of viral vaccines
3. Various routes of inoculation.
a) Chorioallantoic membrane: Vaccinia
virus, Variola virus, Herpes simplex
virus
b) Allantoic cavity: Influenza virus,
Parainfluenza virus
c) Amniotic cavity: Influenza virus
d) Yolk sac: Rabies virus, Rickettsiae,
Chlamydia

11. 11. SYNCYTIUM FORMATION IN CELL
CULTURE -QUESTIONS
1.What are the different kinds of cell cultures?
2.Mention four methods of detecting viral
growth in cell culture.
3.Mention two important uses of cell cultures.
4.Mention two methods for removal of bacteria
from
contaminated clinical samples before
inoculating into cell cultures.
1Q. What are the different kinds of cell cultures?
1A. Different kinds of cell culture are
a. Primary cell culture-Monkey kidney cell line
b. Secondary or diploid cell culture-Human
fibroblast cell line
c. Continuous cell lines-Hep-2 cell lines
20. Mention four methods of detecting viral
growth in cell culture?
2A. Four methods are
a. Demonstration of cytopathic effect in cell lines
b. Viral interference
Detection of viral antigens by direct
immunofluorescence assay
d. Viral gene detection by PCR
30. Mention two important uses of cell
cultures.
3A. Two important uses of cell culture
a. Isolation of viruses
b.Growth of viruses for vaccine
production
40. Mention two methods of removal of
bacteria from contaminated clinical samples
before inoculating into cell cultures.

12. 4A. Two methods of removal of bacteria fronm
contaminated clinical samples before
inoculating into cell culture
a. Filtration
Addition of antibiotics
Spotter No. 11
Syncytium format:on in cell culkuve
12/3/2023

13. 12. SAB0URAUD'S DEXTROSE AGAR
WITH MOULD GROWTH-QUESTIONS
1.Identify the culture medium.
2.Name two organisms which can be grown
on this medium.
12.
SAB0URAUD'S DEXTROSE AGAR
WITH MOULD GROWTH-ANSWERS
1.
Sabouraud's dextrose agar
2. a)
Rhizopus species
b) Aspergillus species

14. 13. AUTOCLAVE -QUESTIONS
1.Identify the spotter.
2.What is the clinical significance of this
equipment in hospital setting?
3. What are the quality control methods to be
followed to confim the proper working of
the equipment?
13. AUTOCLAVE -ANSWERS
1. Autoclave
2. Clinical significance
" Sterilization of surgical instruments,
implanted medical devices, surgical drapes
and linen.
" Decontamination of biomedical waste
before disposal.
3.Quality control methods
" Physical control -digital displays on the
equipment displaying temperature, time
and pressure
" Biological indicators
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
spores of
" Chemical indicators -eg: Autoclave tapes

15. 14. MEMBRANE FILTER -QUESTIONS
1. Identify the spotter.
2. What are the two important advantages?
3. Give examples for two other types of filters.
14. MEMBRANE FILTER ANSWERS
1. Membrane Filter
2. Advantages
" Water purification and analysis
Preparation of solutions for parenteral use
3. Examples for filters
Candle filters
EPA flters

16. 15. BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR
QUESTIONS
1.Identify the spotter.
2.What is principle of this test?
3.Name two bacteria used as indicators in this
test.
20101029NDA V PRASAD
\149 2201013
KRISHNA VENI A
15.
BIOLOGICAL
INDICATOR -
ANSWERS
1. Biological indicator
2. Principle
"
Biological
indicator tubes
containing
thermophilic bacterial spores are kept in
autoclave during
sterilization cycle.
" After the
completion of
sterilization, the
tubes are
incubated at 37°C.
" No color
change
indicates
adequate
sterilization which has killed the spores.
to yellow indicates
change
" Color
inadequate
sterilization which has failed to
kill the spores.
3.
Two
bacteria
used as indicators in this test.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
" Bacillus atrophaeus

17. 3.The
purpose
of
this
test
is
to
demonstrate
the
susceptibility
of
bacteria
to
different
antibiotics.
3.
What
is
the
purpose
of
doing
this
test?
2.
Muller
Hinton
agar.
2.
What
is
the
medium
used
for
this
test?
1.
Identify
this
test.
disk diffusion method.
1.
Antibiotic
sensitivity
t8
Bauer
SHOWING DIFFUSION TEST: QUESTIONS
KIRBY
16. ANTIBIOTIC
DIFFUSION TEST: ANSWERS SHOWING KIRBY 16.
ANTIBIOTIC
SENSITIVITY
PLATE
BAUER
DISK
SENSITIVITY PLATE
BAUER DISK

18. 16. ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PLATE
SHOWING KIRBY BAUER
DIFFUSION TEST: ANSWERS
DISK
1. Antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer
disk diffusion method.
2. Muller Hinton agar.
3. The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the
susceptibility of bacteria to different antibiotics.

19. 17.
TUBE
AGGLUTINATION TEST (WIDAL TEST)-QUESTIONS
A male patient aged 30 years, suffering from fever of
14 days
duration was
admitted to the
hospital. On examination he had step ladder type of fever, rose spots and
splenomegaly. Appropriate test was done and results are
provided herewith: Result: S. Typhi "0" antibody titre -640 S. Typhi "H" antibody titre -640
S. Paratyphi H" antibody titre-20
1. Identify the serological test.
2. In which clínical condition would you like to do this
test?
3. Interpret the test result and give your opinion.
4. Give an example of another serological test based on
the same principle and clinical l implication of the test.
17. WIDAL TEST-ANSWERS
1. Widal test-done by tube agglutination method.
2. Enteric fever.
3.S. Typhi "0" antibody titre-640 and S. Typhi "H"
antibody titre-640.
So the test is positive for S. Typhi "0" antibody
and S. Typhi "H" antibody and the above titre is
suggestive of Typhoid fever.
4. Standard agglutination test which is used for
serological diagnosis of Brucellosis.

20. 18. ELISA-QUESTIONS
1.Identify the serological test.
2. What is the principle of this test?
3. Mention the clinical applications of this test.
18. ELISA-ANSWERS
1. The test is Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay.
2. It is an immunoassay that detects either antigen
or antibodies in the specimen, by using enzyme
substrate chromogen system for detection.
3. Detection of antibodies to HIV.
Detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen.

21. 19. IMMUNODOT (HIV TRIDOT)
TEST -QUESTIONS
1. Identify the serological test.
2. In which clinical condition would you like to do
this test?
3. Interpret the test result and give your opinion.
19.
IMMUNODOT (HIV TRID0T)
TEST -ANSWWERS
1. Immunodot assay.
2. This test is done to detect antibodies to HIV type
1 and HIV type 2.
3. The observed test is reactive for HIV I antibody.
The test result needs to be confirmed by other two
serological tests ofdifferent principle like ELISA
and immunochromatography.

22. 20. IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY
TEST (NSI
ANTIGEN TEST): QUESTIONS
1. What type
ofAg-Ab reaction is this test based
on?
2.
Interpret the test result.
3. Mention two applications ofthe above test format.
DENGU
NS1 Aetonn
ibigen
CONTROL LINE
TEST LINE
SAMPLE WINDOW
20. IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY
TEST: ANSWERS
1. This test is based on Immunochromatography.
2. The test result is positive for NS1 antigen.
3. Detection of antibodies to HIV
Detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen.