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MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR

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3RUWODQG(VWDPH]FODVHGLVHxD\VHPXHOHÀQDPHQWHHQODSODQWDSURGXFWRUDGH
WDOPDQHUDTXHVHDGHDOWDFDOLGDG\XQLIRUPLGDG
$O PH]FODUVH FRQ DJXD \ DUHQD VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU SURGXFLU PRUWHURV FRQ JUDQ

LGHDOSDUDSHJDUWDELTXHVODGULOORVURFDVWHQGHUÀUPHVGHSLVRVDSODQDGRVGH

&RQIUHFXHQFLDHQ0p[LFRVHOHOODPD´PRUWHURµDQWHVGHVHUPH]FODGRFRQHODJXD






‡$SOLFDFLyQGHDFDEDGRV\UHFXEULPLHQWRVGHWH[WXUDÀQDRUXJRVD

‡0DPSRVWHUtD\FRQVWUXFFLyQGHÀUPHV
‡&RORFDFLyQGHD]XOHMRV\PRVDLFRV
(O FHPHQWR SDUD DOEDxLOHUtD 12 '(%( 87,/,=$56( SDUD HO OHYDQWDPLHQWR GH
FROXPQDVORVDVWUDEHV\FDVWLOORV\DTXHQRRIUHFHUHVLVWHQFLDVHVWUXFWXUDOHV

6HGHQRPLQDPRUWHURDODPH]FODGHXQFRQJORPHUDQWHKLGUiXOLFRFRQDUHQDSDUD

 

HPEDUJRRIUHFHXQDPD\RUUHVLVWHQFLDHQUHODFLyQDODFDOXQDPD\RUHVWDELOLGDG
TXtPLFD TXH HYLWD PDQFKDV GH VDOLWUH EULQGD XQD JUDQ XQLIRUPLGDG GH FRORU \
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22. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR




ÁXLGH]SHVRDGKHUHQFLDHWFTXHOHGDQDODOEDxLOPD\RUIDFLOLGDGGHFRORFDUODV
SLH]DV\OHYDQWDUPXURVFRQODULJLGH]GXUDELOLGDG\UHVLVWHQFLDUHTXHULGDVHQHO


DSOLFDFLyQSHUPDQHFHEODQFR\PROGHDEOHSHUPLWLHQGRTXHODVSLH]DVSXHGDQVHU
DOLQHDGDV\QLYHODGDVFRUUHFWDPHQWHDQWHVGHOIUDJXDGR8QDSpUGLGDUiSLGDGH
SODVWLFLGDGSXHGHSURYRFDUHOIUDJXDGRSUHPDWXURORTXHDIHFWDUtDODDGKHUHQFLD

*UDGRGHIXHU]DFRQHOTXHVHXQHQHOPRUWHURFXDQGRIUDJXD
\ODVSLH]DVHQTXHVHDSOLFy'HHVHIDFWRUGHSHQGHODUHVLVWHQFLDDODÁH[LyQHV
GHFLUODFDQWLGDGGHIXHU]DTXHVHUHTXHULUtDSRVWHULRUPHQWHSDUDVHSDUDUORV



GHO WLSR \ FDQWLGDG GHO PDWHULDO FHPHQWDQWH XWLOL]DGR DO SUHSDUDUOR GHSHQGH VX
FDSDFLGDGGHUHVLVWHQFLDDORVHVIXHU]RVGHFRPSUHVLyQDORVTXHVHUiVRPHWLGR


MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



3URSRUFLRQDPLHQWRGHPH]FODGHPRUWHUR



























 
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23.
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





























 

24.
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





GHDLUH&RQIUHFXHQFLDORVDGLWLYRVVHXVDQWDPELpQFRQRWURVSURSyVLWRVSDUD

GH DJXD GH PH]FODGR SDUD LQFUHPHQWDU OD UHVLVWHQFLD R SDUD PHMRUDU RWUDV


HFRQRPtDUD]RQDEOH\ORVUHTXHULPLHQWRVSDUDORJUDUODFRORFDFLyQUHVLVWHQFLD



LQFOX\HQDPHQXGRDXQTXHQRVLHPSUHHQODVHVSHFLÀFDFLRQHVGHODREUD
/DKDELOLGDGSDUDFRQIRUPDUODVSURSLHGDGHVGHOFRQFUHWRDODVQHFHVLGDGHVGH
ODREUDHVXQUHÁHMRGHOGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRTXHKDWHQLGROXJDUHQVXPD\RU
SDUWHGHVGHORVLQLFLRVGH(OXVRGHODUHODFLyQDJXDFHPHQWRFRPRPHGLR
SDUDHVWLPDUODUHVLVWHQFLDVHUHFRQRFLyFHUFDGH(OLPSUHVLRQDQWHDXPHQWR
GHODGXUDELOLGDGDORVHIHFWRVGHODFRQJHODFLyQ\GHVKLHORFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHOD
LQFOXVLyQGHDLUHIXHUHFRQRFLGRDSULQFLSLRGHODGpFDGDGHORVDxRVFXDUHQWD
(VWRVGRVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVDYDQFHVHQODWHFQRORJtDGHOFRQFUHWRVHKDQH[SDQGLGR


SRVLEOHVGHÀFLHQFLDVGHVDUUROODUSURSLHGDGHVHVSHFLDOHVRSDUDORJUDUXQDPD\RU



PH]FODV GH SUXHED'HSHQGLHQGR GH ODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV ODV PH]FODV GH SUXHED
SXHGHQSUHSDUDUVHHQXQODERUDWRULRRWDOYH]SUHIHUHQWHPHQWHFRPRPH]FODHQ

(VWH ~OWLPR SURFHGLPLHQWR GHEH VHU IDFWLEOH HYLWD SRVLEOHV IDOODV FDXVDGDV SRU
FRQVLGHUDUTXHODLQIRUPDFLyQWRPDGDGHSHTXHxDVPXHVWUDVPH]FODGDVHQHO

25. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



3URSRUFLRQDPLHQWRGHPH]FODGHFRQFUHWR




























 





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€
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€   ‘’„““ …ŽŽ † ’““
…„Ž†
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MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


3URSRUFLRQDPLHQWRGHPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRUHFRPHQGDGRHQREUDV








 ­ € ‚ ƒ ‚
„…­
†‡­ ‚ ˆ€ ˆ ƒ‚ ƒ ‚€ ‚ ‚ ˆƒ ˆ
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„…­ ‚ ˆ ƒ ‚ ‚ˆ ˆ
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26. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





/D FRQWUDFFLyQ TXH DOJXQDV YHFHV RFXUUH HQ OD VXSHUÀFLH GHO FRQFUHWR IUHVFR


HQ VXSHUÀFLHV KRUL]RQWDOHV \ SXHGHQ SUiFWLFDPHQWH HOLPLQDUVH VL VH WRPDQ ODV


ORVFRODGRVKHFKRVHQWLHPSRFDOXURVRVLQHPEDUJRSXHGHRFXUULUHQFXDOTXLHU

GHODVXSHUÀFLHGHOFRQFUHWR(VWDVJULHWDVSXHGHQDSDUHFHUFXDQGRODHYDSRUDFLyQ
H[FHGHDODUDSLGH]GHODJXDSDUDVXELUDODVXSHUÀFLHGHOFRQFUHWR/DVVLJXLHQWHV

VXSHUÀFLDO\DXPHQWDQODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHODFRQWUDFFLyQSRUSODVWLFLGDG
/DHOHYDGDWHPSHUDWXUDGHOFRQFUHWR


9LHQWRVIXHUWHV
3RUHMHPSORFXDQGRODWHPSHUDWXUDGHOFRQFUHWRHVGHƒ&\ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHO
DLUHƒ&ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHXQDFDSDGHDLUHVLWXDGDLQPHGLDWDPHQWHDUULEDGH
ODORVDDXPHQWDUiSRUWDQWRVXKXPHGDGUHODWLYDVHUHGXFLUi\FRQIUHFXHQFLD

(OJUiÀFRPRVWUDGRHQOD)LJHV~WLOSDUDFRQRFHUFXiQGRHVQHFHVDULRWRPDU
SUHFDXFLRQHV 1R H[LVWH PDQHUD GH SUHGHFLU FRQ FHUWH]D FXiQGR RFXUULUi XQD
FRQWUDFFLyQ&XDQGRODHYDSRUDFLyQHVWDQHOHYDGDFRPRGHDNJP


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MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


0DQHUDGHHYLWDUHODJULHWDPLHQWRSRUFRQWUDFFLyQGHELGRDODSODVWLFLGDG

27. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



DOPtQLPRODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHVHSURGX]FDDJULHWDPLHQWRSRUFRQWUDFFLyQGHELGR

VLRFXUUHGHVSXpVGHKDEHUFRPHQ]DGRODFRQVWUXFFLyQ1RVHHQXPHUDQHQRUGHQ
GHLPSRUWDQFLDVLQRPiVELHQHQHORUGHQHQTXHVHSXHGHQHIHFWXDUGXUDQWHOD

+XPHGHFHUODVXEUDVDQWH\ORVPROGHV

/HYDQWDUURPSHYLHQWRVSDUDUHGXFLUODYHORFLGDGGHOYLHQWRVREUHODVXSHUÀFLH

/HYDQWDUWROGRVSDUDUHGXFLUODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODVXSHUÀFLHGHOFRQFUHWR
'LVPLQXLU OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO FRQFUHWR IUHVFR GXUDQWH FOLPDFDOLHQWH XVDQGR
DJUHJDGRV\DJXDGHPH]FODIUtRV
(YLWDUHOH[FHVLYRFDOHQWDPLHQWRGHOFRQFUHWRIUHVFRGXUDQWHHOWLHPSRIUtR
3URWHJHUHOFRQFUHWRFRQFXELHUWDVPRMDGDVWHPSRUDOHVFXDQGRVHSURGX]FDQ

5HGXFLU HO WLHPSR HQWUH HO FRODGR \ HO SULQFLSLR GHO FXUDGR PHMRUDQGR ORV




VXSHUÀFLHXVDQGRXQDVSHUVRUGHQLHEODHVXQPHGLRHIHFWLYRSDUDHYLWDUOD



TXHSURYHFKRGLOX\HQGR\GHELOLWDQGRODSDVWDGHFHPHQWRHQODVXSHUÀFLH
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR




&RQVLVWHHQODDSDULFLyQGHPDQFKDV\SROYRVEODQTXHFLQRVHQODVXSHUÀFLHGHO



FRQTXHIXHHODERUDGRGHOFRQFUHWR



(VWUXFWXUDOPHQWHQLQJXQR'HPHULWDQODDSDULHQFLDGHODVVXSHUÀFLHVPDQFKiQGRODV



‡ &HSLOODUREDUUHUODVXSHUÀFLH
‡ /DYDUODVXSHUÀFLHFRQDJXDDFLGXODGD
‡ (YLWDUHOÁXMRGHDJXDDWUDYpVGHOFRQFUHWR

28. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





6HUHÀHUHDXQDHGDGGHWHUPLQDGDHQHOFXDOHOFRQFUHWRQRHVFDSD]GHVRSRUWDU


‡ 5HWUDVRHQODYHORFLGDGGHOIUDJXDGRSRUWHPSHUDWXUDVEDMDV
‡ )DOWDGHFXUDGR
‡ 'LVHxRHUUyQHRGHODPH]FODGHFRQFUHWR\PDODGRVLÀFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWR


‡ (VWUXFWXUDVLQHÀFLHQWHV


‡ 5HIXHU]RGHHOHPHQWRVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
‡ $XPHQWRGHWLHPSRGHSHUPDQHQFLDGHFLPEUDV

MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR




&RQVLVWHHQODULJLGL]DFLyQUiSLGDPHQRVGHPLQGHOFRQFUHWRVLQJHQHUDFLyQ
GHFDORU\GHVSXpVGHXQRVPLQXWRVGHUHSRVRDOUHPH]FODUVLQDGLFLyQGHDJXD




WHPSHUDWXUDVPD\RUHVDƒ&


‡ $O SRQHUVH UtJLGR HO FRQFUHWR QR SXHGH VHU PROGHDGR WUDQVSRUWDGR R

29. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





(OFOLPDFDOXURVRVHGHÀQHFRPRFXDOTXLHUFRPELQDFLyQGHDOWDWHPSHUDWXUDGH
DPELHQWH 7ƒ& EDMD KXPHGDG UHODWLYD 5+ \ YHORFLGDG GHO YLHQWR 9Y TXH
WLHQGHDSHUMXGLFDUODFDOLGDGGHOFRQFUHWRIUHVFRRHQGXUHFLGRRTXHGHFXDOTXLHU





‡ /RVHIHFWRVDGYHUVRVGHFOLPDFDOXURVRHQHOFRQFUHWRIUHVFRSXHGHQVHUORV

$0D\RUHVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHDJXDGHPH]FODGRSDUDXQPLVPRUHYHQLPLHQWR
%,QFUHPHQWR HQ OD SpUGLGD GH UHYHQLPLHQWR \ OD FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH WHQGHQFLD D

&5HGXFFLyQ HQ HO WLHPSR GH IUDJXDGR TXH WLHQH FRPR UHVXOWDGR XQD PD\RU
GLÀFXOWDGHQHOPDQHMRGHDFDEDGRHOFXUDGRTXHDXPHQWDODSRVLELOLGDGGH
MXQWDVIUtDV

(0D\RUGLÀFXOWDGSDUDFRQWURODUHOFRQWHQLGRGHDLUHLQFOXLGR
‡/RVHIHFWRVLQGHVHDEOHVGHOFOLPDFDOXURVRHQHOFRQFUHWRHQGXUHFLGRSXHGHQVHU

$5HGXFFLyQGHODUHVLVWHQFLDFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHODOWRUHTXHULPLHQWRGHDJXD\


%0D\RU WHQGHQFLD D OD FRQWUDFFLyQ SRU VHFDGR \ HO DJULHWDPLHQWR WpUPLQR
GLIHUHQFLDO
&5HGXFFLyQGHODGXUDELOLGDG
'5HGXFFLyQHQODXQLIRUPLGDGGHODDSDULHQFLDVXSHUÀFLDO
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR

‡ $SDUWHGHORVFOLPiWLFRVKD\RWURVIDFWRUHVTXHFRPSOLFDQODVRSHUDFLRQHVHQ

$(OXVRGHFHPHQWRVÀQDPHQWHPROLGRV
%(OXVRGHFHPHQWRFRQDOWDUHVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQTXHUHTXLHUHXQPD\RU


HQHOSRUFHQWDMHGHDFHURGHUHIXHU]R




3DUDXQFRQFUHWRGHSURSRUFLRQHVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVXQDUHGXFFLyQGHƒ&HQOD
WHPSHUDWXUDUHTXLHUHGHXQDUHGXFFLyQGHDOUHGHGRUGHƒ&HQODWHPSHUDWXUDGHO
FHPHQWRRGHƒ&HQODGHODJXDRDOUHGHGRUGHƒ&HQODGHODJUHJDGR


WHPSHUDWXUDHQHOFRQFUHWRSRUWDQWRGHEHUiQHPSOHDUVHWRGRVORVPHGLRVFRQHO
ÀQGHPDQWHQHUHODJUHJDGRWDQIUtRFRPRVHDSRVLEOH(VWRVHSXHGHOOHYDUDFDER

&XDQGRVHDSRVLEOHHOXVRGHOKLHORFRPRSDUWHGHODJXDGHPH]FODGRUHVXOWD
DOWDPHQWH HIHFWLYR SDUD UHGXFLU OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO FRQFUHWR \D TXH FRQ VyOR
GHUUHWLUVHDEVRUEHFDORUDUD]yQGHFDOJU3RUORWDQWRSDUDKDFHUPiVHIHFWLYR

PH]FODGRUDSDUDIRUPDUSDUWHRFRQVWUXLUHOYROXPHQWRWDOGHODJXDGHPH]FODGR
3DUDUHGXFLUODWHPSHUDWXUDGXUDQWHODHWDSDGHPH]FODGRORVWLHPSRVGHPH]FODGR
\GHDJLWDFLyQGHEHUiQPDQWHQHUVHORPiVEDMRSRVLEOH3DUDPLQLPL]DUHOFDORU
SURGXFLGRSRUORVUD\RVGHOVROUHVXOWDUi~WLOSLQWDUGHEODQFRODVVXSHUÀFLHVGHORV
WDQTXHVSDUDDOPDFHQDPLHQWRGHDJXDODVXSHUÀFLHGHODPH]FODGRUDODWXEHUtD

30. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



OD WHPSHUDWXUD LQLFLDO GHEHUi HVWDU OLPLWDGD GH SUHIHUHQFLD HQWUH ORV ƒ \ ORV
ƒ&'HEHUiKDFHUVHWRGRORSRVLEOHSDUDPDQWHQHUXQLIRUPHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHO






UD\RVGHOVROEDMDKXPHGDGUHODWLYD\YLHQWRÀJ7DOYH]DJUDYDGRSRUXQOHQWR

IRUPDD~QHOFXLGDGRDOFRPSOHWRDSHJRDODVSUiFWLFDVPHQFLRQDGDVSXHGHQR



MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



0HGLGDVSUHYHQWLYDVTXHGHEHQWRPDUVHHQFOLPDIUtR










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31. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR




HQFOLPDIUtRFXDQGRHOHOHPHQWRYDDVRSRUWDUVRODPHQWHVXSURSLRSHVR





































































MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


&XDQGR VH PH]FOD FHPHQWR FRQ DJXD WLHQH OXJDU XQD UHDFFLyQ TXtPLFD HVWD

FRQFUHWR VH HQGXUH]FD \ GHVSXpV GHVDUUROOH UHVLVWHQFLD (VWH GHVDUUROOR GH

IDYRUDEOHHVSHFLDOPHQWHGXUDQWHORVSULPHURVGtDV


UHVLVWHQWHDOGHVJDVWH\PiVLPSHUPHDEOHSRUDxDGLGXUDHVPHQRVSUREDEOHTXH

$GHPiV GH DVHJXUDU HO GHVDUUROOR GH UHVLVWHQFLD HQ HO FXHUSR GH FRQFUHWR HO






GHOWLSRGHFHPHQWRGHODVSURSRUFLRQHVGHODPH]FODGHODUHVLVWHQFLDQHFHVDULD
GHOWDPDxR\IRUPDGHODPDVDGHOFRQFUHWRGHOWLHPSR\GHODVIXWXUDVSURSLHGDGHV
GHH[SRVLFLyQ(VWHSHUtRGRSXHGHVHUGHXQPHVRPD\RUSDUDODVPH]FODVSREUHV
TXHVHXWLOL]DQHQHVWUXFWXUDVFRPRSUHVDVLQYHUVDPHQWHSXHGHVHUGHVRODPHQWH
XQRVFXDQWRVGtDVSDUDODVPH]FODVULFDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHVLVHXVDFHPHQWRGH




'XUDQWHFOLPDIUtRDPHQXGRVHUHTXLHUHPiVFDORUSDUDPDQWHQHUWHPSHUDWXUDV
IDYRUDEOHVSDUDHOFXUDGR/RFXDOSXHGHREWHQHUVHSRUPHGLRGHTXHPDGRUHVGH

HYLWDUODSpUGLGDGHKXPHGDGHQHOFRQFUHWR

32. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


&RPRHQODUDSLGH]GHKLGUDWDFLyQLQÁX\HQODFRPSRVLFLyQGHOFHPHQWR\VXÀQXUD





PH]FODHWF6RQFRQYHQLHQWHVORVSHUtRGRVGHFXUDGRPiVODUJRVSDUDODVFDO]DGDV


5HVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQSRUFHQWDMHGHFRQFUHWRFRQFXUDGRK~PHGR
DGtDV
('$'(1'Ì$6
&XUDGR/DVFXUYDVPXHVWUDQORVEHQHÀFLRVGHOFXUDGRVREUHHOGHVDUUROORGHOD UHVLVWHQFLDHQHOFRQFUHWR/DIDOWDGHFXUDGRRFDVLRQDXQDSpUGLGDGHUHVLVWHQFLD

MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



(OFRQFUHWRHVXQDPH]FODGHFHPHQWRDJXD\DJUHJDGRV\HQDOJXQDVRFDVLRQHV
GHDGLWLYRVTXHFXDQGRHVWiQELHQGRVLÀFDGRV\HQpUJLFDPHQWHELHQPH]FODGRV
LQWHJUDQXQDPDVDSOiVWLFDTXHSXHGHVHUPROGHDGDHQXQDIRUPDGHWHUPLQDGD
\TXHDOHQGXUHFHUVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQHOHPHQWRHVWUXFWXUDOFRQÀDEOHGXUDEOH\


(OFRQFUHWRSUHPH]FODGRHVSURGXFLGRDQLYHOLQGXVWULDOHQXQDSODQWDFHQWUDOFRQOD
WHFQRORJtDPiVDYDQ]DGDSDUDVXSRVWHULRUGLVWULEXFLyQHQODVTXHODVSURSLHGDGHV


VDWLVIDFHUODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHOFOLHQWH
(OFRQFUHWRSUHPH]FODGRRIUHFHWRGDVODVYHQWDMDVTXHUHTXLHUHODFRQVWUXFFLyQ

‡ 5HVSRQVDELOLGDG\JDUDQWtDGHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODHQFXDQWRDWUDEDMDELOLGDG\


‡ $GHPiVGHRWUDVYHQWDMDVGHFDUiFWHUHFRQyPLFR\WpFQLFRDFRUWR\DODUJR
SOD]R

‡ 5DSLGH]HQHOFRODGR



‡ (YLWDUGHSUHFLDFLRQHVGHHTXLSRGHSURGXFFLyQ\PH]FODGR


GHWRGRVORVUHFXUVRVKXPDQRV\GHHTXLSRTXHDOFRQWURODUHQIRUPDRSRUWXQD\
HÀFD]WRGRVORVPDWHULDOHV\SURFHVRVTXHLQWHUYLHQHQHQODSURGXFFLyQGHFRQFUHWR
SUHPH]FODGRSHUPLWHTXHVHFXPSODQFRQODVQRUPDVGHFDOLGDGPiVHVWULFWDV

33. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



(OFRQWDUFRQWRGRVORVUHFXUVRV\DSR\RVSHUPLWHTXHDODUJRSOD]RHOFRQFUHWR

FRQWURO \ OD WpFQLFD DSOLFDGD HQ VX GLVHxR \ SURFHVR GH IDEULFDFLyQ GHQ FRPR
UHVXOWDGRXQSURGXFWRTXHVHPDQWHQJDFRQÀDEOHDWUDYpVGHOWLHPSR
3RU RWUD SDUWH &(0(; &RQFUHWRV UHDOL]D LQYHVWLJDFLyQ DSOLFDGDSDUD RIUHFHU
PHMRUHVSURGXFWRVHQEHQHÀFLRGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQ
/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHSRVHHHOFRQFUHWRSUHPH]FODGRKDQSHUPLWLGRUHVROYHUORV
SUREOHPDVEiVLFRVGHKDELWDFLyQXUEDQL]DFLyQHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUD3DUDOHODPHQWH

HVSHFWDFXODUHVHGLÀFLRVGHJUDQDOWXUD\VHUYLFLRVPHWURSROLWDQRVGHWUDQVSRUWH

7DPELpQ VH KD XWLOL]DGR SDUD REUDV HVFXOWyULFDV \ GH RUQDWR IRUPDV EHOODV


MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


 
,5(&(3&,Ð1'(/&21&5(72

GHODXQLGDGSDUDYHULÀFDUTXHWRGRVORVGDWRVGHOSURGXFWRFRUUHVSRQGDQDORV

$QWHVGHLQLFLDUODGHVFDUJDVHGHEHXQLIRUPL]DUHOFRQFUHWRKDFLHQGRJLUDUODROOD
GH OD XQLGDG D YHORFLGDG GH PH]FODGR GH XQR D WUHV PLQXWRV GHSHQGLHQGR GHO

/DV PXHVWUDV SDUD ODV SUXHEDV GH UHYHQLPLHQWR \ IDEULFDFLyQ GHHVSHFLPHQHV

GHKDFHUORGHVSXpVGHTXHVHFDUJXHHOSHURDQWHVGHO10;&
3UHYLDPHQWHDODHQWUHJDHOFRPSUDGRUGHEHUiQRWLÀFDUDOSURGXFWRUGHOFRQFUHWR
VXLQWHQFLyQGHDJUHJDUGHWHUPLQDGRDGLWLYRDODPH]FOD(OSURGXFWRULQIRUPDUiVL
H[LVWHDOJ~QULHVJRSRUODXWLOL]DFLyQGHHVWHHQFDVRFRQWUDULRGDUiVXDQXHQFLD
(O PXHVWUHR GHEHUi UHDOL]DUVH DQWHV GH TXH VH PRGLÀTXHQ ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
RULJLQDOHVGHODPH]FOD(VWRHVQHFHVDULRSDUDGHVOLQGDUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV
,,0$1(-2'(/&21&5(72




/D VHJUHJDFLyQ HV HO IHQyPHQR TXH VH SUHVHQWD DO VHSDUDUVH HO PRUWHR \ HO
DJUHJDGRJUXHVRGRQGHH[LVWDDFXPXODFLyQGHJUDYDVHSUHVHQWDUiQRTXHGDGHV


PDQLSXODFLyQGHOFRQFUHWR\HQJHQHUDOXWLOL]DQGRSURFHGLPLHQWRVDGHFXDGRVGH

34. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


8Q IHQyPHQR QDWXUDO TXH FXDQGR HV H[FHVLYR OOHJD D VHU PX\ SHUMXGLFLDO HV HO
´VDQJUDGRµ(VWHIHQyPHQRFRQVLVWHHQODVHSDUDFLyQGHODJXDFXDQGRHVWDDÁRUD
KDFLDODVXSHUÀFLHOLEUHGHOFRQFUHWR(VWRSXHGHFDXVDUODGLVPLQXFLyQHQODSDUWH
VXSHUÀFLDOGHOFRQFUHWRDVtFRPRLQFUHPHQWDUODSHUPHDELOLGDG\VXVFHSWLELOLGDGDO

&(0(; &RQFUHWRV XWLOL]D LQYDULDEOHPHQWH DGLWLYRV UHGXFWRUHV GHDJXD SDUD



,,,&2/2&$&,Ð1<9,%5$'2
$OFRORFDUHOFRQFUHWRGHQWURGHODVIRUPDVSDUDTXHQRVHSUHVHQWHVHJUHJDFLyQ
GHEHUiGHVFDUJDUVHDXQDDOWXUDTXHQRH[FHGDGHPWV(QFDVRGHTXHHVWDVHD
PD\RUGHEHUiKDFHUVHDWUDYpVGHSURFHGLPLHQWRVTXHHYLWHQGLFKRIHQyPHQR

Pi[LPR\XQDFRQWLQXLGDGHQODWUDQVPLVLyQGHHVIXHU]RV/DIDOWDGHFRPSDFWDFLyQ
SURYRFDUiSRURVLGDGH[FHVLYDRTXHGDGHV\IDOWDGHKRPRJHQHLGDG











MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



TXHHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVPpWRGRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVRIUHFHPHMRUHVUHVXOWDGRVGH
HÀFLHQFLD\HFRQRPtD
/DV ERPEDV SDUD FRQFUHWR \ ORV EUD]RV WHOHVFySLFRV PRGHUQRV RIUHFHQ YDULDV

FRODGRGHFRQFUHWR/RVEHQHÀFLRVSRWHQFLDOHV\DQRVHUHVWULQJHQDODVDSOLFDFLRQHV


GH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ D EDVH GH FRQFUHWR LQFOX\HQGR HGLÀFLRV SHTXHxRV \ FDVD

&(0(;&RQFUHWRVFXHQWDFRQHOHÀFLHQWHVHUYLFLRGHERPEHRTXHVHDFRSODDODV





‡ 8QDVROXFLyQHÀFLHQWH\HFRQyPLFDDORVSUREOHPDVDVRFLDGRVVRQORVDFFHVRV
OLPLWDGRV\RGLItFLOHVGHODREUD

‡ (QXQDPH]FODERPEHDGDVHUHTXLHUHPHQRVYLEUDGR
‡ 6HHYLWDQMXQWDVIUtDV\DTXHHOFRODGRHVFRQWLQXR\UiSLGR
$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHHQXPHUDQDOJXQRVGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVUHFRPHQGDEOHVSDUD
JDUDQWL]DUODHÀFDFLDGHOHPSOHRGHODERPED
(VSUHFLVRFHUFLRUDUVHGHTXHH[LVWHXQDFFHVRFyPRGRSDUDODERPED\SDUD
ORVFDPLRQHVUHYROYHGRUHVGHFRQFUHWRSUHPH]FODGRDVtFRPRGHTXHH[LVWDHO
HVSDFLRVXÀFLHQWHSDUDTXHORVFDPLRQHVSXHGDQGDUYXHOWD\UHWURFHGHUKDVWD

6HWHQGUiTXHSUHSDUDUXQiUHDUD]RQDEOHPHQWHÀUPH\QLYHODGDWDQWRSDUDOD



'HEHUiWHQHUVHVXÀFLHQWHFHPHQWRSDUDKDFHUOHFKDGD\SXUJDUODWXEHUtD
6LHPSUHTXHVHDSRVLEOHHOFRODGRGHEHFRPHQ]DUHQHOSXQWRPiVGLVWDQWH

FRQIRUPHVHDQHFHVDULR

35. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


6ROLFLWDUFRQWLHPSRHOVHUYLFLRGHERPEHRSDUDTXHHOSHUVRQDOHVSHFLDOL]DGR


+DFHUORVWUiPLWHVSHUWLQHQWHVSDUDODUHFHSFLyQGHFRQFUHWR
$OJXQRVLQJHQLHURVSXHGHQQRGDUVHFXHQWDTXHXQPRGHVWRFRODGRGHP






GH UHIXHU]R DSOLFDFLyQ GH ODUJDV H LQQHFHVDULDV SUXHEDV HWF SXHGH DOWHUDU
VHYHUDPHQWHODHQWUHJDGHOFRQFUHWRHQSDUWtFXODV6XVHIHFWRVSXHGHQQRTXHGDU


MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



(OFRQWUROGHFDOLGDGHVHOFRQWUROHMHUFLGRSRUHOSURGXFWRUFRQHOÀQGHREWHQHU
XQFRQFUHWRFRQIRUPDDODVQRUPDVDSURSLDGDV\FRQFXDOTXLHUUHTXLVLWRDGLFLRQDO
HVSHFLÀFDGR\DFRUGDGRFRQHOFRPSUDGRU
/DHVHQFLDGHOFRQWUROGHFDOLGDGHVODXWLOL]DFLyQGHORVUHVXOWDGRV\GHSUXHEDV
HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ ODV PDWHULDV SULPDV OD SODQWD HO FRQFUHWR IUHVFR \ HO FRQFUHWR

UHTXLVLWRVHVSHFLÀFDGRV\HQXQDIRUPDHFRQyPLFD

‡ 0XHVWUHRV \ SUXHED DO D]DU SDUD GHWHUPLQDU OD UHVLVWHQFLD HQ FLOLQGURV GH
SUXHEDHQIRUPDFRQWLQXD
‡ $QiOLVLVVLVWHPiWLFRGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHORVFLOLQGURVGHSUXHEDSDUDYHULÀFDUR

‡ 5HYLVLyQGHORVSURSRUFLRQDPLHQWRVDODOX]GHODQiOLVLVSDUDPDQWHQHUODFDOLGDG


HVSHFLÀFDGDVHDDOFDQ]DGD3DUDHVHSURSyVLWRHOFRQWHQLGRGHFHPHQWRGHEH

HVSHFLÀFDGD SRU XQ PDUJHQ DSURSLDGR (O PDUJHQ HV FRQVHFXHQFLDGH ORV GRV
VLJXLHQWHVIDFWRUHV
‡ /RV UHTXHULPLHQWRV HVSHFLÀFDGRV HQ WpUPLQRV GH SRUFHQWDMH GHIDOODV

‡ (OPpWRGRGHFRQWUROGHFDOLGDGLQFOX\HQGRODIUHFXHQFLDGHSUXHEDV\HOSURFHVR


(QXQVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROGHFDOLGDGGHEHUiQUHDOL]DUVHODVVLJXLHQWHVSUXHEDV

36. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


  ­

7RGRSURFHVRGHQRUPDOL]DFLyQLQWHJUDOLQFOX\HQRUPDUORVPpWRGRVGHSUXHED
TXHPLGHQORVSDUiPHWURVGHHVDFDOLGDG\SRU~OWLPRQRUPDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GH ORV ODERUDWRULRV TXH UHDOL]DQ ODV SUXHEDV VHJ~Q ORV PpWRGRVTXH MX]JDQ OD


ODERUDWRULRVGHFRQFUHWRVXQRPEUHHV(QWLGDG0H[LFDQDGH$FUHGLWDFLyQ(0$
(OFRPSUDGRUGHEHUiHVFRJHUXQODERUDWRULRDFUHGLWDGRSRUOD(0$\SDUDHYDOXDU
ORVUHVXOWDGRVGHEHIXQGDPHQWDUVHHQORVFULWHULRVEiVLFRVGHGLFKDHQWLGDG(O
FRPSUDGRUGHEHUiHVFRJHUXQODERUDWRULRDFUHGLWDGRSRUHO6,1/$3\SDUDHYDOXDU
ORVUHVXOWDGRVGHEHIXQGDPHQWDUVHHQORVFULWHULRVEiVLFRVGHGLFKRVLVWHPD



(O FRPSUDGRU GHEH SURSRUFLRQDU LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH DYDOH WDQWR HOGHELGR
HQWUHQDPLHQWRGHOSHUVRQDOGHOODERUDWRULRGHYHULÀFDFLyQSDUDREWHQHUPXHVWUDV\
UHDOL]DUODVSUXHEDVGHOFRQFUHWRFRPRTXHHOODERUDWRULRHVWpGHVHPSHxDQGRVX
ODERUGHDFXHUGRFRQOD(0$HQUHODFLyQDORVVLJXLHQWHVFRQFHSWRV
‡ 2UJDQL]DFLyQHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQ





(O ODERUDWRULR GHEH HVWDEOHFHU OD RUJDQL]DFLyQ WpFQLFD \ DGPLQLVWUDWLYD TXH ULJH
VXVDFWLYLGDGHVLQGLFDQGRFODUDPHQWHODOtQHDGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGTXHGHÀQDOD

H[WHUQRHWF$VtPLVPRGHEHLQFOXLUXQDGHVFULSFLyQGHORVSXHVWRVHQTXHVHD
GLYLGLGDODRUJDQL]DFLyQ\ODVIXQFLRQHVJHQHUDOHVDVLJQDGDV
&XDQGRVHFXHQWHFRQODERUDWRULRVGHFDPSRWHPSRUDOHVGHEHPDQLIHVWDUVHSRU
HVFULWRVXGXUDFLyQSUHYLVWD\GHEHGHVFULELUVHVXIRUPDGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRWpFQLFR

MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





IRUPDHQTXHVDWLVIDFHORVUHTXLVLWRVHVSHFLÀFDGRVSRUODQRUPDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
GHVFULELHQGRODIRUPDHQTXHHOODERUDWRULRVHDVHJXUDGHTXHHVWRVHUHDOLFH






TXHXWLOLFHSDUDUHDOL]DUODVSUXHEDVHVWpQGHELGDPHQWHYHULÀFDGRVRFDOLEUDGR
/DFDOLEUDFLyQGHSUHQVDVEiVFXODV\WHUPyPHWURVGHEHUiUHDOL]DUODXQODERUDWRULR

GHEHUiGHFRQWDUFRQSURFHGLPLHQWRVHVFULWRVSDUDYHULÀFDUORVFRQRV\YDULOODV

PHGLFLyQGHODERUDWRULRGHEHQYHULÀFDUVHSHULyGLFDPHQWHGHDFXHUGRDXQSURJUDPD
HVWDEOHFLGRRFXDQGRVHVRVSHFKHTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQHQHVWDGRGHÀFLHQWH


SDUDODVFXDOHVVROLFLWDHODFUHGLWDPLHQWRDVtPLVPRGHEHFRQWDUFRQLQIRUPDFLyQ




DGLHVWUDGRSDUDHOGHVHPSHxRGHVXVIXQFLRQHV\QRGHEHHMHFXWDUSUXHEDVKDVWD






\IDOWDGHKXPHGDG

37. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



HODERUDGDV&DGDPXHVWUDGHEHVHULGHQWLÀFDGDDVLJQiQGROHXQQ~PHUR~QLFR
/DLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHODPXHVWUDGHEHUiFRUUHVSRQGHUDOOXJDU\HOHPHQWRVFRODGRV


$FWXDOPHQWHOD(0$DFUHGLWDDORVODERUDWRULRVHQXQDRYDULDVGHODVVLJXLHQWHV


5HVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQ





0XHVWUHRGHFRQFUHWRIUHVFR


/D HMHFXFLyQ GH HVWDV SUXHEDV HV VXÀFLHQWH SDUD OD GHELGD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV



MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



LQIRUPDFLyQORVODERUDWRULVWDVGHEHQFRQWDUFRQXQDOLEUHWDGHWUDEDMRSHUVRQDO
GRQGHDQRWHQODLQIRUPDFLyQGHODVSUXHEDVPHGLFLRQHVHWFTXHUHDOLFHQ

(OODERUDWRULRGHEHHVWDEOHFHUXQSURFHGLPLHQWRSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHLQIRUPHV
GHUHVXOWDGRV(VWRVLQIRUPHVGHEHQVHUHVFULWRVHQIRUPDFODUD\QRDPELJXD(O
GRFXPHQWRGHEHPRVWUDULQIRUPDFLyQTXHLGHQWLÀTXHDOODERUDWRULR\HOFRQFUHWR
UHSUHVHQWDGRSRUODPXHVWUDDVtPLVPRGHEHHVWDUOLEUHGHERUURQHVUHFWLÀFDFLRQHV
\GHEHQVHUÀUPDGRVSRUODDXWRULGDGWpFQLFDGHOODERUDWRULR$FDGDLQIRUPHVHOH
GHEHDVLJQDUXQQ~PHUR~QLFRGHLQIRUPDFLyQ


LQWHUQDTXHUHDOLFHRVHDODVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODYHULÀFDFLyQRVHJXLPLHQWRGHORV

38.
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR

39.
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



3DUD FRQRFHU DOJXQDV UHJXODFLRQHV LPSRUWDQWHV VREUH$FFLRQHV 3HUPDQHQWHV \
&DUJDV9DULDEOHVVHWRPDURQFRPRUHIHUHQFLDODV1RUPDV7pFQLFDV&RPSOHPHQWDULDV
VREUH&ULWHULRV\$FFLRQHVSDUDHO'LVHxR(VWUXFWXUDOGHODV(GLÀFDFLRQHV


‡'HÀQLFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQ



3DUDODHYROXFLyQGHODVFDUJDVPXHUWDVVHHPSOHDUiQODVGLPHQVLRQHVHVSHFLÀFDGDV

~OWLPRVVHXWLOL]DUiQYDORUHVPtQLPRVSUREDEOHVFXDQGRVHDPiVGHVIDYRUDEOHSDUD

GHYROWHRÁRWDFLyQODVWUH\VXFFLyQSURYRFDGDSRUHOYLHQWR(QRWURVFDVRVVH









 




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TXHSRVHDQSHVRVYROXPpWULFRVGLIHUHQWHVGHOQRUPDOHVWRVYDORUHVVHPRGLÀFDUiQ
 
(VWRVDXPHQWRVQRVHDSOLFDUiQFXDQGRHOHIHFWRGHODFDUJDPXHUWDVHDIDYRUDEOH

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SXQWR FXDOTXLHUD GH GLFKD VXSHUÀFLH HV LJXDO DO SURGXFWR GH ODSURIXQGLGDG GH
GLFKRSXQWRFRQUHVSHFWRDODVXSHUÀFLHOLEUHGHOOtTXLGRSRUVXSHVRYROXPpWULFR

40. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR


















 
 

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41. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR















 
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MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



‡'HÀQLFLRQHV
6HFRQVLGHUDUiQFDUJDVYLYDVODVIXHU]DVTXHVHSURGXFHQSRUHOXVR\RFXSDFLyQGH
ODVHGLÀFDFLRQHV\TXHQRWLHQHQFDUiFWHUSHUPDQHQWH$PHQRVTXHVHMXVWLÀTXHQ
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HQODVHFFLyQ
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DGRSWDGRVGHEHUiQMXVWLÀFDUVHHQODPHPRULDGHFiOFXORHLQGLFDUVHHQORVSODQRV




$/D FDUJD YLYD Pi[LPD :P VH GHEHUi HPSOHDU SDUD GLVHxR HVWUXFWXUDO SRU
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/DVFDUJDVXQLIRUPHVGHODWDEODVHFRQVLGHUDUiQGLVWULEXLGDVVREUHHOiUHD

42. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



'XUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHHGLÀFDFLyQGHEHUiQFRQVLGHUDUVHODVFDUJDVYLYDVWUDQVLWRULDV


TXHVHDSR\HQHQODSODQWDTXHVHDQDOL]D\GHOSHUVRQDOQHFHVDULRQRVLHQGR
HVWH~OWLPRSHVRPHQRUGHN1P

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FRQFHQWUDFLyQGHN1NJHQHOOXJDUPiVGHVIDYRUDEOH


GHXVRGHXQDHGLÀFDFLyQFXDQGRSURGX]FDFDUJDVPXHUWDVRYLYDVPD\RUHVR
FRQXQDGLVWULEXFLyQPiVGHVIDYRUDEOHTXHODVGHOGLVHxRDSUREDGR



HVIXHU]RVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVHQORVPLHPEURVGHODHVWUXFWXUDHVWRVHVIXHU]RVGHEHUiQ

IDOOD\GHVHUYLFLRGHODPLVPDHQFRPELQDFLyQFRQORVGHELGRVDORVHIHFWRVGH

/RV HVIXHU]RV GHELGRV D YDULDFLRQHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD VH FDOFXODUiQ FRPR OD
VXSHUSRVLFLyQGHGRVHVWDGRVGHHVIXHU]R
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UHVXOWDQGHFRQVLGHUDULPSHGLGRVORVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVDVRFLDGRVDWRGRVORV


HVWDGRLQLFLDOFRQVLVWLUiHQXQHVIXHU]RD[LDOLJXDODOSURGXFWR


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HVWDGRGHHVIXHU]RSODQRLVRWUySLFRFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUXQDPDJQLWXGLGpQWLFDHQ
MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR





$


'RQGHYHVODUHODFLyQGH3RLVVRQGHOPDWHULDO\ODVGHPiVYDULDEOHVVHGHÀQLHURQ
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H[WHUQDPHQWH D OD PLVPD SDUD LPSHGLU ORV GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV GHELGRV D ORV
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GHHVIXHU]RV\GHIRUPDFLRQHVTXHVHJHQHUDQHQORVPLHPEURVGHGLFKDHVWUXFWXUD
FXDQGRVHDSOLFDQVREUHVVXVDSR\RVODVIXHU]DVQHFHVDULDVSDUDPDQWHQHUODV
GHIRUPDFLRQHV LPSXHVWDV PLHQWUDV ORV GHPiV JUDGRV GH OLEHUWDGGHO VLVWHPD
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TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDFDUJDVGHODUJDGXUDFLyQORVHIHFWRVGHHVWDDFFLyQGHEHUiQ



(Q HO GLVHxR GH WRGD HVWUXFWXUD TXH SXHGD YHUVH VXMHWD D HIHFWRV VLJQLÀFDWLYRV


VHGHWHUPLQDUiQORVHVIXHU]RV\GHIRUPDFLRQHVFDXVDGRVSRUGLFKDVYLEUDFLRQHV

43. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR




































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44. MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR



$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDHOSURFHGLPLHQWRSURSXHVWRHQHO´0DQXDOGH'LVHxR
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MANUAL DEL CONSTRUCTOR

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