Manufacture of polyvinyl chloride

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE , POLYMER INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

1. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE OF POLY VINYL CHLORIDE DONE BY; AKASH.R , REG NO. 1606001 B.Tech Chemical Second Year

2. OBJECTIVES OF THIS TOPIC: The objective of this topic is to understand how the PVC is manufactured in industries in large scale and what are the methods to be introduced to improve the efficiency of PVC manufacture process. To implement innovative ideas to increase efficiency of PVC plant .

3. SCOPES OF PVC INDUSTRY: PVC finds widespread scope in both domestic and global market. PVC finds application in pipes and fittings. It is light weight, flexible, safe material ,flame resistant so finds wide application i .

4. Manufacture of PVC It involves two methods: Manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer from Acetylene, Ethane,Ethylene . Polymerisation of vinyl chloride monomer to form poly vinyl chloride.

5. About PVC : PVC is manufactured by vinyl chloride monomer(VCM). VCM is a raw material for PVC manufacture ,is a gas at ambient temperature ,but it is usually stored in liquid under pressure. Ethylene & Chlorine are also used as raw material PVC manufacture.

6. Manufacture of vinyl chloride : Manufacture Methods Ethylene ( obtained from thermal cracking) Direct Chlorination & oxychlorination . PROPERTIES : VCM is a gas with molecular weight of 62.5 & boiling point of -13.9 ℃ and hence has a high vapour at ambient temperature.

7. STEP1: PRODUCING ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE Chlorine is extracted from sea salt via electrolysis. Ethylene is derived from hydrocarbon raw matrials . They are reacted to produce ethylene dichloride (1,2- di chloro ethane) C 2 H 4 + Cl 2  C 2 H 4 Cl.

8. FLOWSHEET FOR EHYLENE DICHLORIDE MANUFACTURE .

9. STEP 2: PRODUCING VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER 1. BY ETHYLENE (THERMAL CRACKING) The ethylene dichloride is thus decomposed by heating in a high temperature(C 2 H 4 Cl 2  C 2 H 3 Cl + HCl ). The hydrogen chloride is reacted with more ethylene in the presence of oxygen. This produces further ethylene dichloride. The resultant ethylene dichloride is decomposed and hydrogen chloride is again returned for oxychlorination . 2HCl + C 2 H 4 + ½ O 2  C 2 H 4 Cl 2 + H 2 O  C 2 H 3 Cl + H 2 O

10. STEP 2: PRODUCING VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER 2. DIRECT CHLORINATION AND OXY CHLORINATION ethylene & chlorine react within a catalyst containing reactor to form intermediate material EDC . EDC is thermally cracked to yield VCM at a few hundred ℃. When HCl obtained as by-product from above method reacts with ethylene in the presence of catalyst & air. EDC is obtained again( called oxychlrination ). When EDC from oxychlorination is dehydrated & then thermally cracked , VCM is obtained.

11. FLOW SHEET FOR VCM MANUFACTURE

12. STEP 3: MANUFACTURING OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PVC is made using a process called addition polymerisation. This reaction opens double bond in vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) allowing neighbouring molecules to join together creating long chain molecules. nC 2 H 3 Cl  ( C 2 H 3 Cl) n

13. MANUFACTURE OF PVC

14. USES OF PVC Pipes and fitting Clothing Construction Interior of automobiles Furniture Household products Wires and cable – electronics Health care

15. MANUFACTURE OF PVC CONCULSION :