Marc format

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Machine Readable Cataloging

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Definitions
What is MARC?
●MARC is the acronym for MAchine Readable
Cataloging
What is a machine-readable cataloging
record?
●"Machine-readable" means that one particular type of
machine, a computer, can read, interpret and
manipulate the data in the cataloging record.

3. 3
Definitions
MARC is an industry-wide standard for the
“representation and communication of
bibliographic and related information in
machine readable form”

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Importance of MARC
Because it is the standard for coding
bibliographic data for machine processing
●Standard MARC records are
Predictable
Reliable
Less expensive than other options

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Importance of MARC
Standard MARC records enable libraries
●to employ automated systems to manage operations
more efficiently
●to share bibliographic resources, reduce duplication of
work, and thus lower costs
Standard MARC record ensure that
●bibliographic (and related data) is compatible from one
automated system to another

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A Standard is a Standard…
MARC21 - United States and Canada
UKMARC - United Kingdom
interMARC - France
NORMARC - Norway
SAMARC - South Africa
 OCLC MARC, RLIN MARC…

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Why one standard?
To foster communication of information and
data interchange.
The MARC standard also allows libraries to
replace one system with another with the
assurance that their data will still be
compatible.

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Development of MARC21
The original LC MARC format, developed by the Library of
Congress in 1960, evolved into USMARC
February 1997, The USMARC and CANMARC (developed by
the National Library of Canada in 1973) formats achieved
alignment
October 1998, The LC’s Network Development and MARC
Standards Office came up with the name MARC21 – meaning
MARC for the 21
st
century
July 2002, the “Agreement for the development and publication
of MARC21 format” was signed by representatives of the
National Library of Congress, the National Library of Canada and
the British Library

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MARC-ISO2709 File Structure
ISO2709 is a standard format for
interchanging MARC data
01329cam a2200313 a
4500001000800000005001700008008004100025035002100066906004500087955012500132
0100017002570200025002740200044002990400018003430420009003610500024003700820
0180039410000320041224500870044425000120053126000370054330000290058050000420
0609520022000651650003300871650001200904740003600916991006300952387362719911
106082810.9891101s1990 maua j 000 0 eng 9(DLC) 89048230
a7bcbccorignewd1eocipf19gy-gencatlg apc14 to he00 11-01-89; he06 11-01-89;
he00 11-03-89; fa00 11-06-89; fa05 11-22-89; he03 11-28-89; CIP ver. he06
08-08-90 a 89048230 a0316107514 :c$12.95 a0316107506 (pbk.) :c$5.95
($6.95 Can.) aDLCcDLCdDLC alcac00aGV943.25b.B74 199000a796.334/22201
aBrenner, Richard J.,d1941-10aMake the team.pSoccer :ba heads up guide to
super soccer! /cRichard J. Brenner. a1st ed. aBoston :bLittle,
Brown,cc1990. a127 p. :bill. ;c19 cm. a"A Sports illustrated for kids
book." aInstructions for improving soccer skills. Discusses dribbling,
heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mental attitude, how to handle
problems with coaches, parents, and other players, and the history of
soccer. 0aSoccerxJuvenile literature. 1aSoccer.0 aHeads up guide to super
soccer. bc-GenCollhGV943.25i.B74 1990p0002016704AtCopy 1wBOOKS

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MARC Record Structure
Leader
●Store important information about the MARC record
itself
●Each record begins with a leader, which is a 24-
character fixed field containing information for the
processing of the record

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MARC Record Structure
Directory
●An index to the location of variable fields (control and
data) within a record
●Start at position 24
●Each corresponds to one MARC field
●Each entry includes
Tag : 3 characters
Field length : 4 characters (including FT)
Starting positions : 5 characters

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MARC Record Structure
Control fields
●Tags beginning with two zeroes
●Store fixed-length data
●Position of codes determines meaning
●Do not have indicators
●Converts into 008 field when exported
●001-008
001 Control number
003 Control number identifier
005 Date and time of latest transaction
008 Fixed-length data element

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MARC Record Structure
Variable fields (Data fields)
●Begin with “tag”
●Store variable-length data
●2 indicator positions
●Subfields ($a, $b, $c, etc.)

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Understanding a MARC Record
Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500
Control No. 001 ###89048230 /AC/r91
Control No. ID 003 DLC
DTLT 005 19911106082810.9
Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 eng
LCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 /AC/r91
ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 :
$c $12.95
ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) :
$c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.)
Title 245 10 $a Make the team.
$p Soccer :
$b a heads up guide to super soccer! /
$c Richard J. Brenner.
TAG INDICATOR SUBFIELD

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MARC Tag Overview
0XX Control information, numbers, code
1XX Main entry
2XX Titles, edition, imprint, etc.
3XX Physical description, etc.
4XX Series statements
5XX Notes
6XX Subject headings
7XX Other added entries and linking entries
8XX Series added entries
9XX Locally defined

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MARC Tag Commonalities
X00 Personal name heading
X10 Corporate name heading
X11 Meeting (conference) name heading
X30 Uniform title heading
where X = 1, 6, 7, or 8

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Local Data Fields
049 Local holdings
09X Local call number fields
59X Local notes
69X Local subject headings
9XX Local information and processing fields
Exception: 490 series statement
MARC tags containing “9” are local data fields

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Commonly used MARC Fields
020 ISBN
●$a ISBN
●$c terms of availability
050 Library of Congress call number
●$a classification number
●$b item number
082 Dewey Decimal Classification call
number
●$a classification number
●$b item number
●$2 edition number

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Commonly used MARC Fields
100 Personal name - main entry
●1
st
indicator 0 = forename, 1 = surname
●$a personal name
●$d date associated with name (year of birth)
●$e relator term
●$q fuller form of name
●$u affiliation

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Commonly used MARC Fields
245 Title Information
●1
st
indicator 0 no title added entry, 1 title added entry
●2
nd
indicator – number of non-filing characters
●$a title proper
●$b remainder of title, subtitle
●$c remainder of title page/statement of responsibility
●$f inclusive date
●$h medium

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Commonly used MARC Fields
250 Edition Statement
●$a edition
●$b remainder of edition statement
260 Publication information
●$a place of publication
●$b name of publisher
●$c date of publication

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Commonly used MARC Fields
300 Physical description
●$a number of pages
●$b usually illustration information
●$c dimension
●$e accompanying materials
440 Series statement/added entry
●2
nd
indicator = no. of non-filing characters
●$a title
●$n number of part/section of work
●$p name of part/section of work
●$v volume number

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Commonly used MARC Fields
500 General note
504 Bibliography note
505 Formatted contents note
520 Summary, abstract, etc.
650 Subject - Topical term
●$a Topical term
●$v Form subdivision
●$x General subdivision
●$y Chronological subdivision
●
$z Geographic subdivision

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Commonly used MARC Fields
110 Corporate body - main entry
111 Meeting name - main entry
600 Subject - personal name
651 Subject - geographic name
700 Personal name - added entry
710 Corporate body - added entry
711 Meeting name - added entry

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MARC Record is a Machine Readable
Cataloging record
Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500
Control No. 001 ###89048230 /AC/r91
Control No. ID 003 DLC
DTLT 005 19911106082810.9
Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 eng
LCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 /AC/r91
ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 :
$c $12.95
ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) :
$c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.)
Cat. Source 040 ## $a DLC
$c DLC
$d DLC

26. LC Call No. 050 00 $a GV943.25
$b .B74 1990
Dewey No. 082 00 $a 796.334/2
$2 20
ME:Pers Name 100 1# $a Brenner, Richard J.,
$d 1941-
Title 245 10 $a Make the team.
$p Soccer :
$b a heads up guide to super soccer! /
$c Richard J. Brenner.
Variant Title 246 30 $a Heads up guide to super soccer
Edition 250 ## $a 1st ed.
Publication 260 ## $a Boston :
$b Little, Brown,
$c c1990.
Phys Desc 300 ## $a 127 p. :
$b ill. ;
$c 19 cm.

27. Note: General 500 ## $a "A Sports illustrated for kids book."
Note: Summary 520 ## $a Instructions for improving soccer
skills. Discusses dribbling, heading,
playmaking, defense, conditioning,
mental attitude, how to handle
problems with coaches, parents,
and other players, and the history
of soccer.
Subj: Topical 650 #0 $a Soccer
$v Juvenile literature.
Subj: Topical 650 #1 $a Soccer.
This MARC format can be interpreted to...

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…this simple Card Catalog output
GV943Brenner, Richard J., 1941-
. 25 Make the team. Soccer : a heads up guide to super
. B74 soccer! / Richard J. Brenner. -- 1st ed. -- Boston :
1990 Little, Brown, c1990.
127 p. : ill. ; 19 cm.
"A Sports illustrated for kids book."
Summary: Instructions for improving soccer skills.
Discusses
dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mental
attitude, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, and
other players, and the history of soccer.
ISBN 0316107514 : $12.95
1. Soccer -- Juvenile literature. 2. Soccer. II. Title: Heads
up
guide to super soccer. II. Title.
Dewey Class no.: 796.334/2 -- dc 20 89-48230/AC/r91
MARC

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Common Cataloging Errors
Incorrect indicator values
●Use of the wrong indicator values can cause a system
to mis-index a term, particularly in the title and subject
areas.
Typographical errors
●Misspelled word, especially at the beginning of an
indexed tag results if failed searches.
Not doing proper punctuation
●These are signposts for your system. They are useful
for future database manipulation and conversion

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Common Cataloging Errors
Not knowing how a particular automation system
handles data
●While automation systems may all use the MARC record, they each
handle it differently. You need to know what tags are indexed and what
searches retrieve that information. This leads us to our next common
error:
Adjusting cataloging so that it “works” in your
automation system
●The temptation to modify cataloging information so that it is accessed
“logically” by the system is a dangerous path. While it may “work”
today, but if the software is modified or if you migrate to another
system, your records may not work properly or may be inaccessible,
forcing you to redo the records.

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Common Cataloging Errors
Failure to accurately code the fixed field area
(008)
●Not coding information properly here results in failed detailed
searches, particularly when searching by year of publication,
genre, or target audience.
Use of non-standard subject headings
●Resist the urge to create local subject headings, particularly
if they deviate from the controlled vocabulary you use (Sears,
LCSH, etc.) This causes problems with records imported
from vendors, from users who access your catalog via the
Internet, or from patrons confused by local use that deviates
from what they encounter at other libraries. It’s also more
work for you.

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Common Cataloging Errors
Not practicing good authority control

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END