Marine pollution and its effect on environment

Marine pollution and its effect on environment

1. MARINE POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT

2. CONTENTS . INTRODUCTION .SOURCES OF POLLUTION .TYPES OF POLLUTION . OIL POLLUTION . EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTIO . EUTROPHICATION . EUTROPHICATION EFFECTS . CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS-METALS . CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS-HALOGINATED HYDROCARBONS . CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS EFFECTS . THERMAL POLLUTION . RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION . LITTER AND PLASTIC POLLUTION . LITTER AND PLASTIC POLLUTION EFFECTS . CONCLUSION . REFERENCES

3. MARINE POLLUTION Definition: The introduction by man of substances or energy into the marine environment , which results in harm to marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities , including fishing and other legitimate use of sea impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities.(WHO).

4. Sources of Pollution Land based sources ⃝Agricultural run-off ⃝Municipal and industrial waste Sea based sources ⃝Oceanic dumping ⃝Offshore oil spills

5. TYPES OF POLLUION SHORT TERM- eg . an oil spill, the effects of which diminish with time LONG TERM- eg . nutrient input, effluent discharge

6. TYPES OF POLLUTION Oil(petroleum hydrocarbons) Eutrophication Conservative Thermal Radiation Litter and plastic debris Metals Halogenated Hydrocarbons

7. OIL POLLUTION

8. Oil pollution is mostly used to describe marine oil spills , where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters. Oil spills are due to the following: crude oil from tankers offshore platforms drilling rigs and wells spills of refined petroleum product(such as gasoline, diesel) spill of any oil refuse or waste oil

9. IMPACTS Generally oil pollution affects ecosystem ,health , recreational water quality .

10. Eutrophication ‘The enrichment of water by nutrients especially nitrogen &/or phosphorous , causing an accelerated growth of algae and higher forms of plant life to produce an undesirable disturbance to the balance of organisms present in the water and to the quality of water concerned’

11. EUTROPHICATION IMPACTS

12. Conservative pollutants-metals The major sources of metals are : -Natural sources - Manmade sources Natural sources Erosion of ore- bearing rocks Atmospheric inputs-wind blown dust Volcanic activity Riverine inputs into oceans

13. Conservative pollutants-metals Manmade sources . Industrial discharge . Sewage

14. Impact conservative pollutants -metals An example of mercury pollution in minamato,bay japan(1953-1960 ) Shell fishes contaminated with mercury , people who consumed shellfish severally affected.

15. Conservative pollutants Halogenated hydrocarbons Sources: Aerial transport Aerial spraying of pesticides as Aerosols-travel great distances Fresh water inputs Rain washing of pesticides carried into seas by rivers Silt from flood Direct inputs By industrial out falls especially by pesticide manufacturing companies

16. Impacts-conservative pollutants-halogenated hydrocarbons Low solubility in water persist for long durations Fat-soluble , so incorporated into the tissue of marine organisms and sediments. Lethal to the animal . Possibility of transmission through food webs – established in a number of animals.

17. Thermal pollution Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature Outfall from qurrayah power plant Saudi Arabia

18. RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION Sources Weapon testing-testing of nuclear weapons-when exploded under water release fission products and isotopes Liquid wastes-discharge from the cooling water of nuclear reactors Solid wastes-dumping of radio active wastes in sea(now no longer practiced)

19. Radioactive pollution impacts Possibility of bioaccumulation – especially in algae and bivalves eg . Porphyra near a nuclear power plant location had 10 times more caesium-137 than in the surrounding waters

20. Litter and plastics pollution

21. Litter and plastics pollution Marine litter is human created waste that has deliberately or accidentally become afloat in the sea or ocean. It tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and on coastlines, frequently washing around, when it is known as beach litter or tide wrack

22. Litter and plastics pollution impacts Many animals that live on or in the sea consume by mistake, as it often looks similar to their natural prey Blocks the passage of food and causing death through starvation or infection. Tiny floating particles also resemble zooplankton, which can lead filter feeders to consume them and cause them to enter the ocean food chain.

23. Plastics impact Victim: This turtle has had its shelf constricted by a piece of plastic waste found in the great garbage patch - a part of the northern Pacific Ocean MailOnline on Twitter  |  DailyMail on Facebook

24. Scientists  on Kamilo Beach in Hawaii have discovered a new type of “rock” that will stay in the Earth’s strata forever. The rock is made out of plastic rubbish and other MATERIALS, and has been dubbed  Plastiglomerate .

25. the most important strategy for reducing marine pollution is education Awareness Research Dissemination CONCLUSION

26. REFERENCES WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM WWW.OCEANLINK.INFO WWW.BEACHCHAIRSCIENTIST.COM www.marinebio.org

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