Maslow Theories and criticism

How Maslow theory motivates service industry and organization.

2. MOHAMED
PRESENTER

3. WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
 Motivation is derived from Latin words movere
which means “to move”
 Motivation is the result of processes, internal or
external to the individual, that arouse enthusiasm and
persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

4. ABRAHAM MASLOW
 Abraham was born in Brooklyn since 1908 – 1970.
 Maslow was a psychologist who studied the lives and Maslow was a psychologist who studied the lives and
activities of individuals that he found considered them activities of individuals that he found considered them
to be “successful and productive”.to be “successful and productive”.
 Maslow is a famous theorist which encompass Maslow is a famous theorist which encompass
everything from basic needs to self-actualization in everything from basic needs to self-actualization in
order to demonstrate what motivates people. order to demonstrate what motivates people.

5. This theory indicates
There are 5 levels of needs
All these needs are arranged in a hierarchy
Once one level is satisfied, the next level will emerge as the
depressed need seeking to be satisfied
The physiological and security needs are finite but the needs of
higher order are infinite and are likely to be dominant in persons
at higher levels in the organization.
Maslow suggests that various levels are interdependent and
overlapping.
MASLOW THEORIES

6. MASLOW LEVELS OF
PYRAMID

7. AMY
PRESENTER

9. Air

10. Water

14. These are the basic human needs including food, clothing, shelter and other
necessities of life.
Air
Water
Food
Rest
Exercise
According to Maslow’s theory, if such needs are not satisfied then one’s
motivation will arise from the quest to satisfy them. Higher needs such as social
needs and esteem are not felt until one has met the need’s basic to one’s bodily
functioning.
Physical needs
LEVEL ONE:

15. LEVEL TWO
Safety Needs

17. Security

18. Protection

20. • Safety needs: These includes economic security,
protection from physical dangers.
•Safety
•Security
•Protection
•Freedom from Fear
• According to Maslow’s hierarchy, if a person
feels that he or she is in harm’s way, higher needs
will not receive much attention.
Safety needs
LEVEL TWO:

21. KELVIN
PRESENTER

22. LEVEL THREE
Social Needs

26. Social needs
LEVEL THREE:
• Social needs: Need for love, affection,
emotional needs, warmth and friendship.
• Love
• Belongingness
• Affection
Once a person has met the lower level physiological and
safety needs, higher level motivators awaken. Social needs
are those related to interaction with others.

27. Esteem Needs
LEVEL FOUR

28. Strength

29. Status

30. •Self-esteem: Ego or self esteem, self respect, self
confidence, recognition.
•Strength (esteem)
•Status (esteem)
•Maslow later refined his model to include a level
between esteem needs and self – actualization the
need for knowledge and aesthetics.
Esteem needs
LEVEL FOUR:

31. SADDAM
PRESENTER

33. •Self actualization needs: desire for personal
achievement or mission of his life.
•Self – actualized persons have frequent
occurrence of peak experiences, which are
energized moments of profound happiness and
harmony. According to Maslow, only a small
percentage of the population reaches the level
of self- actualization.
Self - Actualization
LEVEL FIVE:

34. Researchers have proved that there is lack
of hierarchical structure of needs as suggested by
Maslow. Some
people may have deprived of lower level
needs but strive for self actualization.
There is lack of direct cause and effect relationship
between need and behavior.
Sometimes peoples are not aware of their own needs.
Measurement of satisfaction of needs is not possible.
Criticism

35. THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION
Why do we need motivated employees?
To be effective, managers need to understand what motivates within the
context of the roles they perform. Of all the functions a manager performs,
motivating employees is the most complex.
 Motivated employees are needed in our rapidly changing workplaces. Motivated employees are needed in our rapidly changing workplaces.
 Motivated employees help organizations survive. Motivated employees help organizations survive.
 Motivated employees are more productive. Motivated employees are more productive.

36. • High Employee Performance
• Low employee turnover and absenteeism
• Better Organizational Image
• Better Industrial relations
• Acceptability to change
• Better quality orientation
• Better Productivity
IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION
IN SERVICE INDUSTRY

37. OPPORTUNITIES FOR
SATISFACTION IN MASLOW’S
HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS

38. APPLYING MASLOW'S NEEDS
HIERARCHY - BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
There are some very important leadership implications
to enhance workplace motivation.
There are staff motivation opportunities by motivating each
employee through their style of management, compensation
plans, role definition, and company activities.
These are the suggestions used to motivate employees using
Maslow need’s hierarchy

39. • Provide ample breaks for lunch and recuperation to
employees.
• Pay good salaries that allow workers to buy life's
essentials.
Physiological
Motivation

40. • Provide a working environment which is safe,
relative job security, and freedom from threats.
• The innate desire to have a stable/safe life, a sense of
orderly world and personal as well as financial security
constitutes safety needs.
Safety Needs

41. • Generate a feeling of acceptance, sense of
belongingness
• Community by reinforcing team dynamics.
Social Needs

42. MOHAMED
PRESENTER

43. • Recognize achievements.
• Assign important projects.
• Provide status/rewards to make employees
feel valued and appreciated.
Esteem
Motivators

44. • Offer challenging and meaningful work
assignments which enable innovation, creativity,
and progress according to long-term goals.
• Participation in decision making.
• Job Flexibility and autonomy.
Self-Actualization

45. CONCLUSION
The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are
motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need
to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to
Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, survival,
safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can
act unselfishly.
He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are
motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth,
toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while
preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly.