Mass Production of Trichogramma sp..pptx

Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.

1. Mass Production of Trichogramma spp. Swastik Bhattacharjya 23ENMGA101 M.Sc. Agril . Entomology Aligarh Muslim University

2. Contents

3. Introduction Trichogramma sp. is extensively used as Egg Parasitoids, belongs from the family Trichogrammatidae . Trichogrammatidae includes the smallest of insects, ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.5 mm . Trichogramma primarily parasitise eggs of Lepidoptera, but parasitism also occurs in eggs of other orders such as Coleoptera , Diptera , Hemiptera , Hymenoptera. Being an egg parasite, the female drills a hole through the chorion and deposits its eggs within the egg of the host . Female parasitizes from one to ten eggs per day or from ten to 190 during her life. Since this parasitoid kills the pest in the egg stage, it has the distinction of being the highest produced and most utilized biological control agent in the world.

4. Trichogramma - As an Egg Parasitoid With the sharp ovipositor, Females are laying eggs inside the host eggs by piercing it. Large females parasitize more eggs than smaller females. Eggs in the early stages of development are more suitable for parasite development. Older eggs, especially those in which the head capsule of the larva is visible, are not usually parasitized and if they are, parasite survival is much lower . Venom injected by the female at the time of oviposition is believed to cause this pre-digestion of the egg‘s contents. During the 3rd instar, dark melanin granules are deposited on the inner surface of the egg chorion , causing the host egg to turn black. This is an invaluable diagnostic character for distinguishing them from un parasitized egg The adult wasps emerge from the pupae and escape the host egg by chewing a circular hole in the egg shell. Female Fecundity varies from 20 to 200 eggs per female according to the species.

5. Trichogramma sp. Used in Agriculture Apple Cydia pomonella T. embryophagum & T. cacoeciae   Crops Pests Trichogrammatids Paddy Scirpophaga incertulas & Cnaphalocrocis medinalis T. chilonis & T. japonicum Maize Chilo partellus T. chilonis Cotton Earias vittella , H. armigera & Pectinophora gossypiella T. chilonis & T. bactrae Sugarcane Chilo infuscatellus , sacchariphagus indicus Scirpophaga excerptalis , auricilius & Chilo tumidicostalis T. chilonis & T. japonicum Castor Achaea janata , S. litura & Conogethes punctiferalis T. achaeae Fruits Codling Moth of Fruits T. embryophagum

6. Mass Production of Corcyra sp. The eggs of Rice Meal Moth ( Corcyra cepholonica ) is used as a laboratory host for production of the Trichogramma . Materials Required:- Sterilized Diet ( Sorghum, Maize, Chickpea & Groundnut etc.) Yeast powder, Sulphur- Wettable powder, Streptomycin sulphate Corcyra rearing boxes Corcyra egg laying cage Mosquito Net Muslin cloth (Black in colour ) Tubes for collecting Corcyra adults Camel hair Brush

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8. Pictures of Rearing

9. Mass Production of Trichogramma Spp. Materials Required:- Fresh Corcyra eggs cards Trichogramma parasitized egg cards Drawing boards (Charts ) Gum, brush, sieves UV lamp Glass Tubes, Beakers Stapler, pins or Thread Scissors 50% honey solution Refrigerator

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11. Precautions of Mass Rearing Tricho - Cards should be packed by keeping the surface with the parasitized eggs facing the inner side. Tricho -cards should not be kept in Refrigerator for 10 days for field use. Scales of laboratory host Corcyra may cause the respiratory problems, it is advised to wear a mask while rearing Corcyra eggs. Farmers should refrain from using pesticides in the field where Trichogramma are released for at least 15 days before and after release. Date of Emergence should be specified in cards. The parasitioids under normal room temperature emerge in 7 days where as they emerge in 2 days after removing from storage for field use. Accordingly the cards were taken to the field in time.

12. Field Release of Trichogramma

13. Conclusion Parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma ( Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae ) are among the biological control agents has the distinction of being the highest produced and most utilized biological control agent in the world. Fifteen species of Trichogramma are reared in private or governmental biofactories throughout the world. Releases occur in millions of hectares of agricultural and forest crops in more than 30 countries .