Mastitis

Refers to inflammation of the mammary gland, which is characterized by physical, chemical as well as bacteriological changes in the milk and pathological changes in the udder tissues.

1. DETECTION OF MASTITIS BY- CHANDRANI GOSWAMI DEPT. OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH

2. MASTITIS Refers to inflammation of the mammary gland , which is characterized by physical, chemical as well as bacteriological changes in the milk and pathological changes in the udder tissues.

3. ETIOLOGY Streptococcus agalactiae Staphylococcus aureus

4. FORMS CLINICAL SUBCLINICAL

5. CLINICAL MASTITIS Characterized by visible abnormalities in the milk or the udder. Here milk appears abnormal with the presence of flakes, clots, strings or watery. The mammary gland may also be warm or hard to touch or may have increased sensitivity In severe cases, signs like fever, anorexia may be seen

6. SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS Inflammation of the mammary gland that does not create visible changes in the milk or the udder Sub clinically infected cows will produce less milk, and the quality of the milk will be reduced. Infected cows can be a source of infection to other animals in the herd. Here milk and mammary gland appears normal

7. DETECTION DETECTION

8. CLINICAL MASTITIS Visual observation and palpating the udder for signs of inflammation Stripping milk into a strip cup at the beginning of milking to check for abnormalities such as clots and flakes.

9. SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS Requires special diagnostic tests for detection. California Mastitis Test (CMT)/ Cow Side Test Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most common test to detect changes in the milk due to the inflammatory process.

10. CALIFORNIA MASTITIS TEST REAGENT USED- CMT Reagent COMPOSITION- Sodium Chloride 1.5 g Teepol 0.5 ml Bromothymol blue 0.01 g Distilled water 100 ml

11. PROCEDURE 3 ml of fore milk from each quarter with an equal amount of pre warmed reagent in hot water bath for 10 min in each cup of mastoid paddle. Positive case- Formation of gel or precipitate

12. PRINCIPLE CMT Reagent is a Detergent with a pH indicator added When milk and CMT reagent mixed together in equal amount CMT reagent dissolves or disrupts the outer cell wall or nuclear cell wall of any leukocyte which are primarily fat (detergents dissolves fat) DNA is now released from the nuclei DNA will string or gel together

13. SOMATIC CELL COUNT Somatic cells are primarily White Blood Cells. The term "somatic" means "derived from the body". All milk contains white blood cells known as l eukocytes which constitute the majority of somatic cells. The cell count for "normal" milk is nearly always less than 1 00,000 cells/ml Higher counts are considered abnormal and indicate probable infection. Higher counts are also associated with decreased production.

14. REAGENT USED Newman Lampert Stain COMPOSITION- Methylene blue chloride 0.6 g Ethanol (95%) 52 mL Tetrachloroethane 44 mL Glacial acetic acid 4 ml

15. READING LOW(< 100000) MODERATE (100000-250000) HIGH(> 250000) NOTE- A reading less than 250000 is considered insignificant for mastitis

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