Material Quality Control Program presentation.ppt

Material Quality Control Program

1. Quality Control Programs
Minimum Testing Requirements
Basic Testing Equipment
Materials Sampling

2. MATERIALS QUALITY CONTROL AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
A.Definitions
QUALITY-isajudgementbythecostumerorusersofaproductorservice.Itistheextenttowhichthe
costumersorusersfeeltheproductorservicesurpassestheirneedsandexpectations.
-HowardS.Gitton
UniversityofMiami
ThetermQUALITYisthecharacteristicofaproductthatprovidesalevelofperformanceintermsofservice
andlife.“QUALITY”doesnotmeanperfect.
QUALITYCONTROLWORK
QualityControlworkconsistsofallworkelementscarriedoutbythemanagerorbythoseinhisorganization,
whichcontributetothequalityoftheoutputoftheorganization.
QUALITYASSURANCE WORK
Qualityassuranceworkconsistsofallworkelementscarriedoutbythemanagerorbythoseinhisorganization,
whichcontributetothequalityoftheoutputofsomeotherorganization.
-J.R.Taylor
QualityControlSystem
Therefore,inprojectimplementation,qualitycontrolactivitiesandspecificstepsundertakenbythecontractor(if
theprojectisbycontract)duringconstructionormaintenance,tocontrolthequalityofmaterialsandworkmanship,
whichQualityAssurancereferstoalltheactivitiesundertakenbytheImplementingOfficenecessarytoverify,audit
andevaluatethequalityofworkofcontractorandmaterialsdelivered/usedintheproject.

3. B.PurposeofQualityControlinProjectImplementation
Toinsurethehighestqualityofworkandextendtheservicelifeof
anystructurebyconstructingaccordingtotheprescribedplansand
specifications.Theplansindicatethespecifictypeofthestructure
andthespecificationspresentthecharacteristicinwhichitisbuilt,
aswellasthematerialsthataretobeincorporatedintothework.
Tocheckandregulatetheuseofconstructionmaterialsandto
economizeonthecostofconstruction.Fulfillingthese,requires
adequatecontrolofmaterialspriortoandafterplacingtotheirfinal
positioninthestructure.Normally,everymaterialshouldbe
subjectedtotesting,inspectionandverificationbeforeacceptance.

4. C.QualityControlProcedures
1.SelectionofMaterials
Informationregardingthelocationofmaterialssourcesthatwillbeincorporatedinto
theworkmayberepresentedbythefollowing:
a.Rawmaterialssuchassoil,sandandbankorrivergravel(withlittleorno
processing)
b.Materialsthatareprocessedwithoutbasicallychangingtheirproperties
suchaswashed/manufacturedsand,crushedrockandgravel,andetc.
c.Manufacturedmaterialssuchasbituminousmaterials,cement,paint,
structuralreinforcingsteelbar.
d.Combinationofmaterialsthatmaybepartlyortotallymanufactured,such
asbituminousandportlandcementconcrete.
Materialstobeprocuredorobtainedfromselectedportionsofanyareaof
materialssourcessuchasmentionedaboveshouldbeknowninadvancesothat
therequiredtestscanbemadeorarrangementfortestingthematerialsinvolved
maybedonetoavoidunnecessarydelaysinconstructionduetorejectionof
unacceptablequalityofmaterials.

5. MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS
•Theprescribedtestsontheconstructionmaterialstobe
usedinaprojectbasedonapprovedcontractquantities.
•Therequirementswhichspecifythekindandnumberof
testsforeachpayitemofworks.
Itshouldbeemphasizedthatwhatarespecifiedarethe
minimumnumberoftestingonly.Additionalnumberoftests
canberequiredtothematerialsiftheowner/inspectorisin
doubtofthequalityofmaterialsorthefinishedstructure.

6. SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING
ITEMS OF WORK OF THE DPWH STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES AND AIRPORTS, 1998
(VOLUME II)
SametestsasforItem104Item105-Sub-gradePreparation
Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
1-P,PlasticityTest(LL,PL)
1-C,LaboratoryCompactionTest
Foreach500sq.mofeachlayerofcompactedfillorfraction
thereofatleastonegroupofthreein-situdensitytests.The
layersshallbeplacednotexceeding200mminloose
measurementorbasedontheresultofcompactiontrials.
Item104-Embankment
Ifexcavatedmaterialsareincorporatedintothework:
Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
1-P,PlasticityTest(LL,PL)
1-C,LaboratoryCompactionTest
Forevery150mmlayerinuncompacteddepth:
1-D,FieldDensity
Item103-StructureExcavation
Ifexcavatedmaterialsarewasted,thevolume
involvedshallbereportedsothatQualityControl
requirementsmaybeadjustedaccordingly.
SubmitProjectEngineerCertificateofWaste
SametestsasforItems103,104and105,whicheveris
applicable.
Item102-Excavation
NoneItem101-RemovalofStructures&Obstruction
NoneItem100-ClearingandGrubbing
MINIMUM TEST RTEQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
Part C -EARTHWORK

7. Forevery300cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
1-P,PlasticityTest(LL,PL)
Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-Q,QualityTestforGrading,Plasticityand
Abrasion
1-C,LaboratoryCompactionTest
Foreverylayerof150mmofcompacteddepth/based
ontheresultsofcompactiontrials:
Atleastonegroupofthreein-situdensitytests
foreach500sq.morfractionthereof.
Item201-AggregateBaseCourse
Forevery300cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
1-P,PlasticityTest(LL,PL)
Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-C,LaboratoryCompactionTest
Forevery2,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-CBR,CaliforniaBearingRatio
Foreverylayerof150mmofcompacteddepth/based
ontheresultsofcompactiontrials:
Atleastonegroupofthreein-situdensitytests
foreach500sq.morfractionthereof.
Item200-AggregateSubbaseCourse
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
Part D –SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE

8. A.Aggregates
Forevery75cu.m./200torfractionthereof:
1-G&P,GradingandPlasticityTestsforevery
1,500 cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-Q,QualityTestsfor:(Grading,Plasticity,
Abrasion,StrippingandBulkSpecificGravity)
1-F,FracturedFace
B.BituminousMaterials
Quantity:5.0to8.0mass%oftotaldryaggregate
Tests:1-Q,QualityTestsforeach40torfraction
thereof
C.Mix
Forevery75cu.m./130torfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
1-Ext.,Extraction
1-Sty.,Stability
1-C,LaboratoryCompaction
D.HydratedLime
Forevery100torfractionthereof
E.MineralFiller
Forevery75cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G&P,GradingandPlasticityTests(LL,PL)
F.Foreachfullday’soperation:
D&T(DensityandThicknessTests)–atleastone
(1)butnotmorethanthree(3)samplesshallbe
taken.
Item307-BituminousPlant-MixSurfaceCourse
General
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
Part E–SURFACE COURSE

9. A.Cement
Quality:9.0bagscu.m.(40kg/bag)
Tests:Forevery2,000bagsorfractionthereof:
1-Q,QualityTest
B.FineAggregate
Quantity:
1.0.50cu.m./cu.m.concrete(ifroundedcoarse
aggregateisused)
2.0.54cu.m/cu.m.concrete(ifangularcoarse
aggregateisused)
Tests:Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
a.Forasourcenotyettested,orfailedinprevious
qualitytests:
1-Q,QualityTestfor:Grading,Elutriation
(Wash),BulkSpecificGravity,Absorption
MortarStrength,Soundness,Organic
Impurities,UnitWeight,%ClayLumpsand
Shale.
b.Forasourcepreviouslytestedandpassed
qualitytest:
1-Q,QualityTestsfor:Grading,Elutriation
(Wash),BulkSpecificGravity,Absorption
MortarStrength
Forevery75cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTests
Item311-PortlandCementConcretePavement
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
Part E –SURFACE COURSE

10. C.CourseAggregate
Quantity:
1.0.77cu.m/cu.m.concrete(ifroundedcoarseaggregateisused)
2.0.68cu.m./cu.m.concrete(ifangularcoarseaggregateisused)
Tests:Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof
a.Forasourcepreviouslytestedandpassedqualitytests:
1-Q,QualityTestfor:Grading,BulkSpecificGravity,Absorption
andAbrasion
Forevery75cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
D.Water
Tests:1-CertificatefromProjectEngineeror1-Q,QualityTest,
ifsourceisquestionable
E.JointFiller
1.PouredJointFiller
1-Q,QualityTestoneachtypeofingredientforeachshipment
2.PremoldedJointFiller
1-Q,QualityTestoneachthicknessoffillerforeachshipment
F.SpecialCuringAgents
1-Q,QualityTestforeachshipment
G.SteelBars
Forevery10,000kgorfractionthereof:
1-Q,QualityTestforBending,TensionandChemicalAnalysis
H.Concrete
FlexuralStrengthTestonConcreteBeamSample
1-setconsistingof3beamsamplesshallrepresenta330sq.mof
pavement,230mmdepthorfractionthereofplacedeachday.
Volumeofconcretenotmorethan75cu.m.
I.CompletedPavement
Thicknessdeterminationbyconcretecoredrillingonalotbasis
Five(5)holesperkmperlaneorfive(5)holesper500mwhen2
lanesarepouredconcurrently.
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
Part E –SURFACE COURSE

11. Part F –BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
A.Cement
Quantity:(40kg/bag)
ClassA---------9.0bags/cu.m.ofconcrete
ClassB---------8.0bags/cu.m.ofconcrete
ClassC---------9.5bags/cu.m.ofconcrete
ClassP---------11.0bags/cu.m.ofconcrete
Tests:Forevery2,000bagsorfractionthereof
1-Q,QualityTest
Item405-StructuralConcrete
A.BarReinforcementforConcrete
Forevery10,000kgorfractionthereofforeach
size:
1-Q,QualityTestforBending,Tensionand
ChemicalAnalysis
B.WireandWireMesh
1-Q,QualityTest
Item404-ReinforcingSteel
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK

12. Part F –BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
B.FineAggregate
Quantity:cu.m./cu.m.ofconcrete
ForRounded ForAngular
Tests:Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
a.Forasourcenotyettestedorfailedinpreviousquality
test:
1-Q,QualityTestfor:Grading,Elutriation(Wash),
BulkSpecificGravity,Absorption,MortarStrength,
Soundness,OrganicImpurities,UnitWeight,%Clay
LumpsandShale
b.Forasourcepreviouslytestedandpassedqualitytest:
1-Q,QualityTestfor:Grading,Elutriation(Wash),
BulkSpecificGravity,AbsorptionandMortarStrength
Forevery75cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
Item405-StructuralConcrete
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
-------0.590.53 Class C -----
-------0.520.45Class B -----
-------0.470.44Class P -----
-------0.540.50 Class A -----

13. Part F –BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
C.CoarseAggregates
Quantity:cu.m./cu.m.ofconcrete
ForRounded ForAngular
Tests:Forevery1,500cu.m.orfractionthereof:
a.Forasourcenotyettestedorfailedinprevious
qualitytests:
1-Q,QualityTestfor:Grading,BulkSpecific
Gravity,Absorption,Abrasion,Soundnessand
UnitWeight
b.Forasourcepreviouslytestedandpassed
qualitytest:
1-Q,QualityTestforGrading,Absorption,Bulk
SpecificGravityandAbrasion
Forevery75cu.m.orfractionthereof:
1-G,GradingTest
Item405-StructuralConcrete
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK
-------0.680.70Class C -----
-------0.730.82Class B -----
-------0.650.68Class P -----
-------0.680.77 Class A -----

14. Part F –BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
D.Water
1-CertificatefromProjectEngineer
1-Q,QualityTest,ifsourceisquestionable
E.PremoldedFillerforExpansionJoints
1-Q,QualityTestoneachthicknessoffiller
foreachshipment
F.SteelReinforcement
1-Q,QualityTestforevery10,000kgor
fractionthereofforeachsize
G.Concrete
Compressivestrengthtestonconcrete
cylindersamples.1setconsistingof3
concretecylindersamplesshallbetaken
fromeachday’spouringandtorepresentnot
morethan75cu.m.ofconcreteorfraction
thereof.
Item405-StructuralConcrete
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK

15. Part G –DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION
A.Cement
Quantity:2bags/cu.m.ofconcrete
Test:Forevery2,000bagsorfractionthereof:
1-Q,QualityTests
B.FineAggregate
Quantity:0.17cu.m./cu.m.ofconcrete
Tests:Forevery2,000bagsorfractionthereof:
1-Q,QualityTestfor:(SameasforItem405)
Item506-StoneMasonry
A.Pipes
Pipeforevery50pieces:Strength,Absorptionand
Dimension
AlternativeRequirements:
1-setconsistingof3concretecylindersamplesfor
notmorethan25pipescastinthefield,and1–
InspectionReportforeachsizefornotmorethan
25pipescastinthefield
B.MortarforJoint
Cement,FineAggregatesandWater–Sametestsas
forItem405
Item500-PipeCulvertsandStormDrains
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK

16. Part G –DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION
Same test in Item 506
Item505-GroutedRiprap
C.Stone
InspectionReport
D.Water
PECertification
Q–1,ifsourceisquestionable
Item506-StoneMasonry
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTSITEMS OF WORK

17. SAMPLING isselectionbyastandard
methodofarepresentativeportionofa
materialforthepurposeofascertaining
itscharacteristic.
Itistheprocessofselectingapart
(sample)whichwillbeusedtojudgethe
whole(lot).

18. SAMPLING AND TESTING
When should the testing of materials be conducted?
Anaspectoftestingwhichisveryimportantandmostoftenoverlooked
iswhentestingshouldbeconducted.
Testingofmaterialisconductedpriortoincorporationintowork
Ifthetestisnotconductedatthepropertime,thereisnoqualitycontrol
sinceitwillthenbetoolatetocorrectanythingthatisdefective.
Ifsomeonewillattempttoevaluatethequalityofmaterialswithout
testing,heistakingabigriskbecauseheisguessing.
Testingreferstotheprocessofmakingtestsonsamplessubmitted
todeterminethedegreeofcomplianceofdeliveredorconstructed
materialswiththespecifications.

19. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
a. Coarse 70 Kg
b. Fine 50 Kg
MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY. / VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
1.Cement 1 Sample per 2000
bags 10 Kg
2. Asphaltic Matls. 1 Sample per 40 tons 5 Ltr.
200 drums
3. Asphalt Mix 1 Sample per 130 tons 20 Kg
4.Aggregates 1 Sample per 1500 cu. m.
5. Soil Aggregates 1 Sample per 1500 cu. m.
a.Classification 20 Kg
b.Routinary Tests 50 Kg
c.Moisture Density
Relation &CBR 50 Kg
6. Non-Reinforced 2 Pipes min./0.5% of number 2 pipes
of pipes

20. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF
SAMPLES
MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY. / VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
7. Reinforced Conc. 1 Sample per 50 pipes or
Pipe 2% of number of pipes 1 pipe ( 1 m. length )
8.Steel Pipe 1 Sample per 500 m lgth. 2 pcs of 100 mm long taken
(Galvanized) from both ends w/o thread
9. Conc. Hollow 1 Sample per 10,000 units
Blocks
a. Complete Test 6 units
b. Strength 3 units
c. Moisture Content 3 units
10. Steel Bar 1 Sample per 10,000 Kgs 1 meter
11. Steel Sheet 1 Sample per 1,000 sheets 1 sheet
(Galvanized)
12.Wire Strand (Strap) 2 meters

21. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF
SAMPLES
MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY. / VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
14. Paints 1 Sample per 100 cans 1 ( 4 ltr. Can )
1 ( 20 ltr. Can )
13.Gabions 1 mtr. X 2 mtr.
15.Joint Filler 1 (400 mm x 400 mm)
(Pre-mold)
16.Curing Compound 1 liter
17. Concrete Cylinder 1 Set of 3 cylinders for 1 set of 3 cylinders
every 75 cu. m.
( 6” x 12” )
18.Concrete Beam 1 Set of 3 beams for 1 set of 3 beams
every 75 cu. m.
( 6” x 6” x 21” )

22. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF
SAMPLES
MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY. / VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
20. Asphalt Cores 1 Core for every 100 m. -
19.Concrete Core 6 Cores for every kilometer -
21.Water Analysis
a. Chemical Analysis 500 ml
22. Structural Steel Sheet Reduced Section
( as prescribed )
b. Sediment Analysis 500 ml

23. Two(2)MajorGroupsofConstructionMaterialsbasedon
FeasibilityofSamplingandTesting:
GROUPI–Pre-fabricatedStructureorComponentofstructure
materialsinthisgrouparesampledatthepoint
oforiginonly,asitisnotpracticaltodosoatthe
pointofdelivery.
Example: -Structural Steel
Bailey Bridge Panel
Metal Culvert Pipe, etc…

24. Two(2)MajorGroupsofConstructionMaterialsbasedon
FeasibilityofSamplingandTesting:
GROUP II– Manufactures,processedornaturalproduct
materialsinthisgroupcanbesampledatthe
pointoforiginanddelivery.
Example: -Portland Cement
Asphalt Cement
Reinforcing Steel Bar
Concrete Mix
Gravel and Sand, etc…

25. SAMPLING,TESTINGANDINSPECTIONREQUIREMENTS OF
PRE-FABRICATED STRUCTURE OR COMPONENT
STRUCTUREMATERIALS
If imported, the following shall be required : -
Bureau of Customs Certificate of Importation -
Mill Test Certificate and Shop Inspection Certificate -
Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery
by authorized government representative
If pre-fabricated locally, the following shall be required :
-Mill Test Certificate and inspection Certificate
-Obtain samples of material at the factory authorized
government representative before the material is cut or
fabricated into the finished size or part of the structure -
Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery by an
authorized government representative

26. SAMPLING,TESTINGANDINSPECTIONREQUIREMENTS
ON MANUFACTURED, PROCESSED OR NATURAL
PRODUCTS
ACCEPTANCE TEST
-Theresultsofthistestshallbethebasisofacceptanceof
thematerials.
RE-TESTORREFEREETEST
-Theresultsofthistestshallbefinal.
Incasetheresultoftheacceptancetestisunsatisfactory,
thesuppliershallhavetheoptiontorequestare-testathis
expense.Thedeliveredmaterialshallbere-sampledby
authorizedgovernmentrepresentativeinthepresenceofthe
supplierorhisrepresentative.

27. SAMPLING,TESTINGANDINSPECTIONREQUIREMENTS
ON MANUFACTURED, PROCESSED OR NATURAL
PRODUCTS
PRE-TESTING
Pre-testingofmaterialisapplicabletomaterialsmanufacturedin
bulk,suchasportlandcement,asphaltreinforcingsteelbars,etc…
Arrangementshallbemadewiththeconcernedimplementingofficeto
assignaMaterialsTechnicianwhoshallobtainthenecessarysamplesat
theplant.
Iftheresultofthetestissatisfactory,theMaterialTechnician,upon
receiptofthetestreport,shallidentifythestockrepresented,witnessthe
loadingofthematerialandissueaPretestingCertificate.
Thematerialmaybere-sampledatthepointofdeliveryattheoption
oftheconsigneeespeciallyifthereareevidencesofdeteriorationor
tampering.Otherwise,thePretestingCertificateshallbethebasisof
acceptanceofthematerial.

28. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS
-Handlingandstorageofdeliveredconstruction
materialsshouldbecarefullyandproperly
plannedtoavoiddamageandmaintainthe
desiredquality.Itshouldbeplacedordeposited
inasafeplaceprotectedfromcontaminationor
theactionofweather.Theproposedsourceof
materialtobeusedshouldbeaccessibletothe
project.

29. INSPECTION
Anactivitywhichiscomplimentarytoqualitycontrol
Itisdoneonitemsofworksnotsubjecttotesting.Such
thingsasproperplacingofforms,buildingupan
embankmentinlayers,benchingofthehillsidepriorto
filling,placingofreinforcementorcuringofconcreteare
encompassedbyinspection.
PurposeofInspection
-Thepurposeofinspectionistoensurethatthematerials
andworkmanshipprovidedbythecontractorcomplywith
therequirementsoftheproject.

30. INSPECTION
-Likeintesting,itisalsoimportantthatinspectionbedone
atthepropertimeandshouldbedoneasthework
progresses.
Whenshouldinspectionbedone?
Therefore,inspectorsassignedinthefieldshouldbe
competent,experienced,andcommittedtopublicservice.
Theyshouldalsobefamiliarwiththeapprovedplansand
specificationsandvariousDPWHissuancesrelativeto
qualitycontrolandconstructionprocedures.

31. COMMON ABUSES IN MATERIALS TESTING
& QUALITY CONTROL
SubmissionofmaterialssamplestoTestingLaboratory
nottrulyrepresentingtheactualdeliveredmaterialson
theprojectsite
Specialfabricatedsamplesofmaterialssubmittedtothe
testinglaboratorytoensurethattheresultoftestswill
passtherequiredspecifications.
Materialsamplesofgoodqualitytakenfromgoodsource
andnottheactualdeliveredmaterialsonsite.

32. COMMON ABUSES IN MATERIALS TESTING
& QUALITY CONTROL
Actualdeliveredconstructionmaterialsincompatibleto
theresultoftests
Poorandsubstandardmaterialspurchasedanddelivered
totheprojectsiteonthesucceedingdeliveries.
Samplestesteddifferentfromtheactualmaterialsbeing
incorporatedintothework.

33. COMMON ABUSES IN MATERIALS TESTING
& QUALITY CONTROL
UnreliableanddubiousTestResultsofmaterials
Thiscanonlybedeterminedthruthoroughreviewofthe
worksheetsoftestsperformedbythelaboratory
technician.Inspectorswithvastexperienceinthe
laboratoryworkhavetheedgeindistinguishingthistypeof
abuses.

34. COMMON ABUSES IN MATERIALS TESTING
& QUALITY CONTROL
Pouringofconcretemixonastructurewithoutapproved
pouringpermit
Thismalpracticewascommonlydonebythecontractorin
concretingworkswithouttheknowledge/permissionofthe
owner’sFieldEngineers/Inspectors.
Preparedstructureforpouringshouldbeproperly
inspectedtocheckitscompliancetoplans’requirements
andtheavailabilityoftherequiredequipmenttobeutilized
duringpouringofmix.Thismalpracticeisembodiedin
DepartmentOrder No.211,seriesof2000.

35. COMMON ABUSES IN MATERIALS TESTING
& QUALITY CONTROL
BloatedMonthlyStatusofTestReportsandCertificates
ofQualityControlAssuranceReports
Statusofmonthlytestreportsarebloatedbyreporting
highernumberoftestsperformedbutnotyetdonejustto
complytotherequiredscheduledtests.
Quantitiesofaccomplishedon-goingitemsofworksare
reportedbloatedasagainsttheactualaccomplishment.