Materials for hydrogen storage

material for hydrogen storage

1. RAMNIRANJAN JHUNJHUNWALA COLLEGE SUNIL ARVIND CHAURASIYA M.Sc. { PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY } SEM:3 ROLL NO : 02 TOPIC: HYDROGEN STORAGE

2. CONTENTS UNDERSTANDING HYDROGEN SOURCES IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN TECHENIQUES TO STORE HYDROGEN CARBON BASED MATERIALS TO STORE HYDROGEN COMPARISION

3. Materials for hydrogen storage

4. WHY HYDROGEN IS IMPORTANT????? Hydrogen may be prospective source or carrier for the future because it is clean and sustainable source of energy Hydrogen also used variety of processes likes reduction, hydrogenation , and main use of hydrogen is as a fuel

5. SOURCES OF HYDROGEN Main source of hydrogen is fossil fuels Many other Chemical, Biological, Electrolytic, Photolytic and Thermo-Chemical processes can be used in preparation of Hydrogen

6. HYDROGEN STORAGE Major problem with hydrogen storage is its efficient storage system Most common method to store hydrogen in gaseous form is in steel tanks Lightweight composite tanks designed to ensure high pressure also becoming popular

7. SOME MAJOR TECHENIQUES USED TO STORE HYDROGEN Composite tanks Cryogenic liquid hydrogen(LH2) Chemical hydrides Carbon based materials Metal hydrides

8. CARBON BASED MATERIAL FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE Carbon materials are considered attractive adsorbents for H2 storage applications as they are lightweight and exhibit high specific areas and pore volumes, excellent thermochemical stability, nontoxicity and can be produced with a plethora of methods at low cost

9. GRAPHENE-BASED NANOSTRUCTURES Graphene, the newest member in the family of carbon allotropes is visualized as a 2- D monolayer of hexagonally structured sp2-bonded carbon atoms

10. Characteristically, graphene exhibits high electrical and thermal conductivity, remarkable strength and stiffness as well as an impressively large area relative to its mass

11. HYDROGEN STORAGE ON GRAPHENE

12. Few-layer graphene (FLG), an extremely “thin” graphitic analogue composed of a limited number of stacked graphene layers, can be also produced in a porous-like form, including 2-D nano-sized flakes and 3-D macroscopic structures, such as sponges and foams, and has attracted significant attention as a potential H2 storage material Impressive H2 uptake values of up to 7.5 wt.% at 77 K and ~120 bar were reported for highly-nano porous graphene scaffolds with high specific areas of up to ~3400 m2/g prepared by KOH activation and H2 annealing

13. CARBON NANOTUBES Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered an allotropic form of carbon consisting of a cylindrical/tubular nanostructure and belong to the family of fullerenes.

14. The nature, geometry and purity of the CNTs seem to have a crucial influence on their H2 adsorption performance . More specifically, SWCNTs of high-purity exhibit much higher specific areas (i.e. up to ~700 m2/g), thus allowing larger H2 amounts to be adsorbed. The H2 gravimetric capacities of commercial MWCNTs at 77 K and up to ~1 bar

15. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL Activated carbons (ACs) constitute the most characteristic and extensively studied category of carbonaceous adsorbents produced on an industrial scale that stand for their large specific areas (> 1000 m2/g) and pore volumes (> 0.5 cm3/g) as well as their broad pore size distribution covering the micropore, mesopore and macropore region.

16. The H2 gravimetric capacities of ACs can be correlated to the available specific area and pore volume. In this respect, there is a general rule for microporous ACs, known as Chahine’s rule (established by the Canadian scientist Richard Chahine in 1996), based on which a gravimetric H2 uptake of 1 wt.% is expected per 500 m2/g of SA or 0.2 cm3/g of SPV at 77 K and ~35 bar

17. STORAGE OF HYDROGEN ON ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

18. COMPARISION BETWEEN CARBON BASEDCMATERIAL AND OTHER MATERIALS IN HYDROGEN STORAGE

19. CONCLUSION Carbon based materials proves to be important in hydrogen storage due to Cost effectiveness Better resistance to temperature and environmental conditions Better storage capabilities Easily availability Wide varieties

20. REFERNCES ATKINS AND PAULA (2 nd edition) SHARMA,PURI,PATHANIA(47 th edition) Wikipedia

21. THANK YOU