Matrices

Enumerates almost all the matrix systems in dentistry.

1. Tooth seperation and Matricing
Presenter：Dr. Sheetal Kotni

2. 1. Seperators 3. Matrices •Matrices for Class III cavity prep:
•S shaped matrix
•Transparent strips
Matrices for Class IV cavity prep:
•L shaped matrix
•Transparent crown forms
•Anatomic matrix
Matrices for Class V cavity prep:
•Window matrix
•Cervical matrix
•Anatomic matrix
Matrices for Class III, IV, V cavity prep:
•Bioclear
•Unica
•Introduction
•Functions
•Reasons for seperation
•Principles of tooth movement
•Types of seperators
•Introduction
•Definitions
•Ideal requirements
•Objectives
•Parts
•Classification
•General priniciples of placement and removal2. Wedges
•Introduction
•Ideal requirements
•Classification
•Wedge placement
•Techniques of wedging
•Recent advances:
Wedgeguards
Anatomic wedges
Elastic wedges
Matrices for Class I cavity prep:
•Barton matrix
Matrices for Class II cavity prep:
•Universal tofflemire
•Omnimatrix
•Slick bands
•Contouring of the matrix band
•Ivory 1, 8
•Black's matrices
•Steele's siqveland matrix
•Compound supported matrix
•Copper band matrix
•T band matrix
•Automatrix and modifications
•Reel matrix
•Pinch matrix
•Sectional matrices
Method
Contact rings
Classification,
•Contact forming instruments
CONTENTS

3. 1
3
2
Toothmovementistheactofeitherseperatingtheinvolvedteethfromeachother,bringing
themclosertoeachotherandorchangingtheirspatialpositioninone/moredimensions
INTRODUCTION
Tofacilitatethecreationofphysiologicallyfunctionalcontact,
contourandoccludinganatomy intherestoredteeth
Function
Diagnosisofproximalcaries,Repositiondriftedteeth,matrixplacement,
polishingrestoration,removetheforeignbodiesimpactedproximally
Reasons for seperation
1 SEPERATORS

4. Principal methods of tooth
movement
Rapid/immediate tooth
movement
Wedge principle:Elliot seperator,
wedges
Traction principle:Non interfering true
seperator, Ferrier double bow
seperator
Slow or delayed tooth movement
Rubber dam sheet
Seperating rubberband
Seperating ligature wires
Oversized resin
Temporary crowns
Orthodontic appliances

5. Rapid tooth movement:
Mechanical type of seperation that
creates either proximal seperation at the
point of seperator's introduction or
improved closeness of the proximal
surface opp. the point of operator's
introduction
Wedge method:
More the wedge moves facially
or lingually when placed
proximally, more the seperation
Wedges
Elliot seperator Indications:
For short duration seperation that doesnt
necessitate stabilization
Examining proximal surface and final
polishing of restored contacts
Tooth seperation should not exceed 0.2-
0.5mm else damage and tenderness to pdl

6. •Adjust the two opposite wedges of the
seperator interproximally so that they are
positioned gingival to contact area not
impinging on interdental papillae or
interceptal rubber dam. Move the knob
clockwise so that the wedges move towards
each other establishing desired seperation

7. Traction principle
Non interfering true
seperator
Indicated when continuous stabilized
separation is required during the
dental operation.
Pros: separation can be increased
or decreased after stabilization, non-
interfering
Ferrier double bow seperator
The separation is stabilized
throughout the operation.
Pros-separation is shared by the
contacting teeth, and not at the
expense of one tooth, as with the
previous type of instrument
Always done with mechanical device which engage the proximal
surfaces of the teeth to be seperated by means of holding arms. These
are mechanically moved apart, creating seperation between clumped
teeth

8. Slow(delayed) tooth movement
Rubber dam sheet Seperating rubber
band
Seperating wires Oversized resin
temporary crowns
Orthodontics
appliances
A small piece of heavy or
extra heavy rubber dam
sheet can be stretched
and positioned in the
contact area
Thin pieces of wires are
introduced beneath the contact
area to form a loop around the
contact area. The two ends can
be twisted together to create a
seperation not beyond 0.5mm.
Oversized mesiodistally
and periodically resin is
added in the contact
areas to increase the
amount of seperation
Most effective and
predictable
Used only when
extensive respositioning
is required
The wires can be tightened
periodically to increase the
seperation
Indication: When teeth have drifted considerably, rapid movement of teeth will endanger the
pdl.Therefore,slow tooth movement, over a period of weeks, will allow the proper positioning of teeth
in a physiological.

10. 2
Wedges
Devices which create rapid seperation of teeth during
preparation and restoration
Commonly used to prevent overhangs at the proximal area
which is an iatrogenic cause of periodontal pathology

11. Ideal requirements
•Easy to apply and withdraw
•Shaped to minimize the risk of trauma to gingival and periodontal tissues
•Supplied in range of shapes and sticks
•Shaped to facilitate the restoration of proximal contours so that the deformation of
matrix band does not occur
•Disposable
•Radiopaque
•Rigid
•Non toxic, non irritant
•Stable in oral fluids
•Not fracture
•Available in bright colours

12. Classification of wedges
•Long/short
•Hard/soft
•Rigid/compressible
•Wooden/plastic
•Medicated/non medicated
•Round/anatomic
•Prefabricated/customized
•Reflecting/non reflecting

18. Palodent plus wedge guard/
fender wedges
•Isolation and protection during restorative
treatment
•Matrix and wedge in one step, fast adaptation even
in the most complicated interproximal spaces. Easy
to use, control and removal for the fabrication of
Dental restorations.
•Available in 3 different colour coded sizes. Contains
50 units.
•Inserted into the inter dental space it provides a
protector for the tissue and separates the teeth,
simplifying the following application of a matrix.
•Can be applied buccally or lingually for optimal
access and vision.

19. Triodent anatomic wedges

20. Elastic wedges
•For rubber dam placement
and isolation
•Autoclavable
•Mostly used in tight
contact cases

21. 3
Introduction
1. Class I cavity: No need of matricing due to confining walls
2. Matrices: Establish a temporary wall for the restoration
when one or more walls of tooth are missing
3. The word matrix is derived from the Latin word Mater’
which means Mother. It was introduced in the year 1871
by Dr. Louis Jack
MATRICES

22. Definitions
1. is the procedure, whereby a temporary
wall is created opposite to axial walls and surrounding
areas of tooth structure that were lost during preparation
2. is a device used during restorative procedures
to hold the plastic restorative material within the tooth
while it is setting.

23. Ideal requirements
1.Ease of application
2.Not be cumbersome: for restoration condensation
or patient comfort
3. Ease of removalafter hardening of restoration
4. Rigidity:To confine the restorative material during
condensation without displacement
5.Versatile enough to provide proper contact and contour
in various situations
6. Positive proximal pressureagainst the tooth during
restoration insertion
7.Non-reactive
8.Inexpensive

24. Objectives
• It must act as atemporary wall of resistance during
introduction of the restorative material.
• It should provide shape to the restoration.
• It shouldconfine the restorationwithin acceptable
physiological limits.
• It must assist in isolatingthe gingiva and rubber
dam during introduction of the restorative material
• It must help in maintaining the dry operative field
thereby preventing contamination of the restoration.

25. Parts
1.Band: Piece of metal or polymeric material used to
support and give form to the restorative material during
its insertion and hardening. e.g. cellophane, celluloid, mylar.
Available as strips of various dimensions:
0.001-0.002 inch thickness
3/16 inch, 1/4 inch, 5/16 inch width
2. Retainer: Device by which the band can be maintained in
its designated position and shape.
e.g Mechanical device, dental floss, metal ring or
impression compound

26. 1.Custom-made or
anatomic matrix.
e.g Compound
matrix
2.Mechanicalmatrix
e.gIvory1,8,
Tofflemire
Depending on
its prep
1.Stainlesssteel
2.Copperband
3.Cellophane
(celluloseacetate)
4.Polyacetate(mylar)
Depending
on the
type of
band
material
1.With retainer
e.g.Tofflemire,Ivory
1, 8, Steele's
Siqveland matrix,
Sectionalmatrix
2.Without retainer
e.g. Automatrix,
Copper band,Al
band, Black's
matrices,Anatomic
matrix,Sshaped,T
shaped,Lshaped
matrix,
Depending on
the mode of
retention
1.ClassIcavitywith
buccalorlingual
extension
2.ClassIIcavity
3.ClassIIIcavity
4.ClassIVcavity
5.ClassVcavity
Depending on
the cavity
preparation for
which it is used
Classification

27. Class I cavity with buccal
or lingual extension
E.gDoublebanded
tofflemirematrix
Class II cavity
•Singlebandedtofflemire
•Ivory1,Ivory8
•Compound Supported
matrix
•Copperband,Tband,
precontouredmatrices
•Automatrix
Class III cavity
•SShapedmatrix
•Cellophanestrips
•Mylarstrips
Class IV cavity
•Cellophanestrips
•Transparentcelluloid
crownforms
•Dead softmetal
matrixstrips
Class V cavity
•Windowmatrix
•Tinfoilmatrix
•Preformed
transparent
cervicalmatrix
Depending on the cavity preparation for which it is used

28. Matrices
Patented/Non-
patented
Patented
All matrix with
retainer
Non-patented
You yourself modify
for a particular
clinical situation
Circumferential/
Unilateral
Circumferential
Ivory 8, Steele's
Siqveland Matrix,
Tofflemire
Unilateral
Ivory 1, Sectional
matrix

29. Matrices
Supported/
Unsupported
Anterior/
Posterior
Sterilisable/
Disposable
Non trasparent/
Transparent

30. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PLACEMENT AND REMOVAL OF MATRIX SYSTEMS
Check for contacts,
contours
Pre-wedging if
required in case of
tight contacts
Selection of matrix
system
Contouring of band
Placement of matrix
system
Wedge placement,
Support with
compound if
required
Inspection of proper
placement
Restoration of cavity
Removal of
compound, wedge,
matrix
Check for contact,
contours clinically,
radiographically

31. Matrices for Class I
Cavity Preparation

32. Indication;
Class I cavity
with buccal or
palatal
extension
Since the
tofflemire
retainer with
band doesn't
intimately adapt
to lingual groove-
land sliding
Stainless
steel matrix (0.05
mm thick and 8 mm
wide) between the
lingual surface and
the band already
in place
•A quick setting, rigid polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)–based material/
•Green stick compound/
•The end of a toothpick wedge is covered with softened (heated) compound
may be used between the sectional matrix and the Tofflemire matrix band, to
prevent lingual displacement of the sectional matrix during condensation
Double Banded Tofflemire Matrix or Barton matrix

34. Matrices for Class II
Cavity Preparation

35. Universal Tofflemire Matrix
•Navy dentist, Dr. Benjamin Franklin
Tofflemire, 1946
•Made universal by the easy application
and removal of the holder from the band
without disturbing the condensed
material
•The retainer can be removed without the
band-more pt. comfort
•Helps to hold the cotton roll in place

36. •Head is directed gingivally
•Set screw (1), rotating spindle (2), slide (3), head
(4), band (5).
•The slideis positioned near the head for
installation of the band in the retainer and for
placement of band around tooth
•Rotating spindle/ vice moving nut adjusts the
distance between the slide and the head. This
movement adjusts the size of the loop
•Set screw/ vice screw nutlocks and unlocks the
matrix band

37. •
The junction bw
retainer and band
should always be
next to intact tooth
surface for stability
and prevention of
unnecessary
restorative material
accumulation

39. Tofflemire
bands
Ac to thickness
Ultra thin:0.001
inch
Thin: 0.0015
inch
Medium:
0.0020 inch
Flat bands of
multiple shapes
Precontoured
bands-little or
no adjustment
Larger
circumference -
occlusal edge
Smaller
circumference-
gingival edge

40. Contouring of the matrix band
Outside the patient mouth Inside the patient mouth
Band should be placed on a
resilient paper pad because
contouring cannot occur on a
non resilient surface
After placing the band and
retainer, the band is
burnished against the
adjacent tooth with burnisher
Used with firm pressure in
back and forth overlapping
strokes
The convex side of a spoon
excavator imparts a convex
contour to the matrix band

41. 2 thicknesses
of metal
bands:
.0015”,
ultra thin
.001”
Preassembled
and
disposable
tofflemire
retainer and
band
Less time
consuming
Single piece,
plastic
lightweight
retainer
with .002”
mylar/metal
bands Winged
or
wingless
Expensive
Omnimatrix
Pivoting head
Simply adjust the band's circumference by twisting the conical handle.

42. •Proprietary non-stick Slick Bands™
technology
•Improved tear-resistant dead-soft
matrices
Slick Bands™ Tofflemire-Style Kit

43. Ivory No. 1, 8
Ivory 1 Ivory 8
Stainless steel band encircles
one proximal surface of
posterior tooth
Encircles entire crown of the
tooth
•Indicated in unilateral
class 2 cavities
•Tight distal contact
Indicated in
Unilateral/bilateral Class
II(MOD) of posterior teeth
Band attached to the
retainer with a wedge
shaped projection which
engages the tooth at the
embrasure of unprepared
surface
Cumbersome to place
Molar Premolar

44. BLACK'S MATRICES STEELE'S SIQVELAND MATRIX
G. V. Black, 1900 The matrix consists of a circumferential band
with a thumbscrew retainer
Recommended for majority of small and
medium sized cavities
Indicated for restorations of three or more
surfaces
Black's matrix with a gingival extension: to
cover the gingival margin of a subgingival
cavity, a wire/floss is tied to the band to
prevent slippage and tied around the tooth

45. Compound supported Matrix
system
Shape of matrix after
trimming
Contouring
Burnishing
Placement, wedging,
compund support with cone
Contour altered by warm
burnishing instrument

46. Copper band matrix
•Band stabilized with low fusing compound, pushed against the adjacent tooth
•After carving, cut on b/l and then remove

47. T BAND MATRIX
•T shaped band
•When formed, the top portion of the T
allows the straight portion to adjust and fit
the circumference
•Curved/straight
•Narrow/wide
•Brass/steel
•The band is held in place with a flexible
metal ring: contact ring,placed with
special forceps and stabilizes the ends of
matrix band snugly

48. AUTOMATRIX (ROLL-IN BAND)

49. g
•kugyi

50. Modifications of automatrix
•Metal Dental Bands Retainerless
Universal Supermat Automatrix

51. Reel matrix by Garrison

52. Pinch matrix: Pinch towards tooth for tension
• Introduced by Kerr
• For Class II MO/OD/MOD composite fillings in
posterior area with the innovative integrated
opening system.
• The ring matrix band is 0.038 mm for stable
placement without distortion through tight intact
contact points.
• Three sizes
• Excellent patient comfort and better visibility of
the working area.

53. SECTIONAL MATRIX AND CONTACT RING
•KHB

54. •The sectional matrix system and separation rings are made up of nickel-titanium
alloy to create a consistent force to separate teeth and then return to their original
shape after use, helping to deliver a tight gingival seal and anatomically shaped
restoration.
Precontoured bands of different dimensions
G ring/ bitine rings

55. •D
Place a matrix band that most closely
approximates the occluso-gingival
height of the tooth. The band should be
oriented with concave edge towards the
occlusal margin of the tooth.
Insert wedge
Apply the 3D –ring retainer. Hold the
ring retainer with the ring placement
forcep and place it over the wedge.
Burnish the band in the desired contact
area against
the adjacent tooth and make sure there
is no springback of the band
Restore the cavity as desired.
Remove the ring, wedge and band.
Removal of the
ring and band may require the need of
forcep

56. •First report of a contoured
sectional matrix: Meyer
•Concept based on the
MCKean orthodontic
seperator is the surest
method of achieving good
contacts
•Two equal and opposite
forces cause seperation of
teeth: McKean principle

57. Contact rings
•According to their evolution, categorized as
First generation systems
Second-generation systems
•First generation systems
Introduced in the late 1990s
Include :-
• Palodent Bitine
• Contact matrix
• Composi-Tight

58. Palodent BiTine I and BiTine II
• First system that was available.
•Rings have rectangular parallel tines.
•Optimum separation (0.55 kg/mm).
•Lack of retentive design because of the
parallel tines but are easy to place on
wide preparations.
•BiTine II is an elongated ring to allow
stacking over the main ring in case of
MOD preparations

59. Contact matrix
•These rings have rectangular tines which
are converging and hence are more
retentive.
•Provide optimum separation (0.38
kg/mm).
•A reverse ring is available for MOD
preparations.

60. Composi-Tight matrix
•Two separate rings are available for
premolar and molar teeth.
•The rings have converging tineswith
retentive ballsat the end for firmer
grip on the teeth.
•Omnidirectional.
•Drawback: Contacts produced are not
so tight (0.27 kg/mm).
•Large diameter of the rings can lead to
their collapse if used in wide cavities

61. Problems with early contact rings
•Ring collapse or displacement in case of wide proximal boxes.
•Ring stacking that is, placing one ring over the other in case of MOD restoration is
a problem.
•Most importantly, since the contact rings are made of stainless steel, repeated
usage and sterilization effects make them lose their springiness over time

62. Second -Generation Rings
Composi-Tight 3D soft face ring system
The orange Soft Face 3D-Ring The gray thin tine G-Ring
•Used in most circumstances
• Ease of placement
•Burnished tine ends
Ability to adapt to a wide variety of tooth
anatomies while reducing flash and restoring
proper contour
Used where the shape of the dentition makes
ring retention more problematic

63. V3 ring system
Dr. Simon McDonald in 2008
2types of rings for bicuspid and molar teeth
• Precontoured matrix bands
• Special wedge called the ''wave wedge''to provide optimum
gingival adaptation of the matrix band.
It has two major innovations
• Fully made of Nickel-Titanium ;imparts more springiness
and longevity than stainless steel.
• V-shaped plastic tines to accommodate the wedge.
• The tines have extra width that enables the ring to contact
more tooth structure buccally and lingually.

64. Contact Forming Instruments
•These are special instruments designed to create good
contacts with posterior composites.
•They push the matrix toward the contact area during light
curing.
•Eg: Contact Pro,Optra contact

65. Matrices for Class III Cavity
Preparation

66. For amalgam ( S shaped matrix)
•Ideal for Class III cavity prep on the distal of the cuspid with either a
labial access or lingual access
•Tofflemire used in case of incisal access
Mirror handle
used to produce
the S shape in
strip
The band is contoured
over the labial surface
of the cuspid and
lingual surface of
adjacent bicuspid
It is then placed
interproximally and
wedged apical to the
gingival margin and
covered with compound
over facial and lingual
ends

67. For direct tooth coloured restorations
•Transparent plastic matrix strips
•Length of strip should just be sufficient to
cover the labial and lingual surface
•A wedge is trimmed and applied to hold the
strip in place

68. Matrix for two small proximal preparations in
contact with each other
•Loop formed in strip. It is flattened
and creased with a finger, making a
T shape and trimmed

69. Matrices for Class IV Cavity
Preparation

70. •Plastic strip with inciso-proximal cavities

71. Transparent crown form matrices
•These are ‘stock’plastic crowns, which can be adapted
to tooth anatomy.
•In bilateral class IV preparations use the entire crown form
but in a unilateral class IV cut the plastic crown
incisogingivally into two halves and use only the side
corresponding to the location of the preparation
•Should be perforated at the incisal angle.
•The prepared tooth is partially filled with the restorative
material while the matrix is completely filled
•filled

72. Anatomic matrix
•Prior to preparing the tooth, study model
for the affected tooth together with atleast
1 intact adjacent tooth is made
•Preferred especially in multiple teeth

73. Matrices for Class V Cavity
Preparation

74. Anatomic matrixWindow matrix
•Formed using either tofflemire matrix or
copper band matrix
•Window is cut in the band slightly smaller
than cavity outline
•Usually not indicated for very wide
cavities, occlusogingivally or mesiodistally

75. Cervical matrix
•Different sizes and can be utilized with light cure
restorations.
•A handle is also provided to hold the matrix in place
till the material sets

80. REFERENCES
•Operative Dentistry –MA Marzouk
•Art & science of operative Dentistry –Sturdevants (7th
edition)
•Textbook Of Operative Dentistry –Vimal K Sikri (3rd
Edition)
•Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry-Summitt's 4th ed.
•Clinical Operative Dentistry-Ramya Raghu 2nd ed.

81. THANK
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