Mavi Gradyan Profesyonel Kurumsal Sunum (1).pdf

Atatürk’ün ışığında yükselen büyük Türk ulusu...

1. ROAD TOROAD TO
REPUBLIC!REPUBLIC!
İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ
EFE
ALTINDAL
Turk's father and the path he paved
220 Dec 2024

2. How and by what did we reach
the Republic?

3. It was carried out under the leadership of Ataturk's
revolutionary personality.
With the Turkish Revolution, state and nation life were rebuilt.
has been made. Turkish revolution, administration, writing,
education, law, clothing and
It refers to restructuring, even in the field of economy.
The Turkish revolution started with the War of Independence;
national
to achieve independence, protect national identity and Turkish
to raise its civilization above the level of contemporary
civilization
targeted.
GENERAL OF THE TURKISH
REVOLUTION
FEATURES

4. REVOLUTIONS IN THE
POLITICAL FIELD
1-Abolition of the Sultanate (November 1, 1922)
2-Election of Ankara as Capital (13 October 1923)
3-DECLARATION OF THE REPUBLIC
(29 OCTOBER 1923)
4- On the Road to the Secular State
a- Abolition of the Caliphate (3 MARCH 1924)
b-Unification of Education Law (March 3, 1924)
c- New State Institutions
d-Constitutional Movements and the Rights Provided to
High Turkish Women

5. "Young people, you are the ones who reinforce and sustain our
courage. With the upbringing and wisdom you receive, you will be the
most valuable example of humanity and civilization, love of homeland
and freedom of thought. You are the rising new generation, the
future. We established the Republic, you are the ones who will raise it
and keep it alive."
"Young people, you are the ones who reinforce and sustain our
courage. With the upbringing and wisdom you receive, you will be the
most valuable example of humanity and civilization, love of homeland
and freedom of thought. You are the rising new generation, the
future. We established the Republic, you are the ones who will raise it
and keep it alive."

6. 1-Abolition of the Sultanate
(November 1, 1922)
Istanbul to the Lausanne Conference
The Allied Powers, which also called on the government
He was trying to create duality. Istanbul
How did your government attend the conference?
Mustafa on what to do
Asking for information from Kemal, Mustafa
It made Kemal angry. These developments,
He gave Kemal the opportunity to abolish the sultanate.
With the decision made on 1 November 1922, the
sultanate was
was removed from the caliphate. Occupation of Istanbul
The sultanate began on March 16, 1920, the date of
It was accepted that it was lifted. On November 17, the
Sultan
Vahidettin (Mehmet VI) left the country.

7. 3-DECLARATION OF THE REPUBLIC
(29 OCTOBER 1923)
With the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, a new era
based on national sovereignty was established.
the state was established; But this state did not have a president.
Since the priority is the national struggle, the sultan also
was left untouched. Although in the 1921 Constitution
Even though sovereignty belongs unconditionally to the nation; 1
November
When the sultanate was abolished in 1922, the sultan ceased to exist.
The resulting problem has also been eliminated. The government that
emerged in the autumn of 1923
crisis to Mustafa Kemal to declare the Republic
gave the opportunity. In fact, such a process already existed.
Only its name was not mentioned. It was held on October 29, 1923.
It consisted of naming the child born. 1921
This event was made by making some changes in the Constitution.
has been realised. With the declaration of the Republic, the regime
presidency and government
The issue has been resolved.
Mustafa to the Presidency
Kemal was elected, Parliament
Cabinet from government system
system has been implemented.

8. “Success on the path to civilization
depends on innovation. "This is the
only way to develop and progress in
order to be successful in social life,
economic life, and in the field of
science and science."

9. On the Road to the Secular State
a- Abolition of the Caliphate (3 MARCH 1924)

10. The sultanate ended on 1 November 1922
With the abolition of the Ottoman Dynasty only
He became an authority on religious matters.
your reign
Sultanate supporters after its abolition
They gathered around the caliph. These
They embarked on an intense propaganda
activity.
The Caliph also boldly showed wrong attitudes.
was displaying. The institution of the Caliphate
is incompatible with the republic and
It will also hinder future reforms.
was thought. Some Islamic states also have a
caliphate
They wanted it not to be removed. This
situation causes discomfort
had opened. For all these reasons, Caliphate 3
It was abolished in March 1924. With the
abolition of the Caliphate, the old
a mainstay of the establishment supporters
was eliminated,
A big step was taken in the
transition to a secular state order.

12. All educational institutions submit to the Ministry of National
Education
unity in education and training by connecting
provided. With the same law, with the Ministry of Sharia and
Foundations
“Erkan-ı Harbiye” General Ministry was abolished,
instead, Presidency of Religious Affairs, General Directorate of
Foundations
Directorate and General Staff
was established. The first stage of secularization in the state
structure
The sultanate was abolished (1 November
1922).The republic was later declared, 3
The caliphate was abolished in March 1924. on the same date
The power of attorney of Sharia and Foundations has also been
abolished. Instead of these, the Presidency of Religious Affairs and
Foundations
General Directorate was established. on the same date
By adopting the Unification of Education Law, education was
unified and madrasahs were closed.
In 1925, lodges, zawiyas and tombs were built.
The law regarding closure and the Hat Law were adopted.
has been made.

13. Constitutional Movements
and the Rights Provided to
High Turkish Women

14. The state of the legal order in a state
It is also an indicator of viability. Law
functioning well and complying with the conditions of the day
States live healthy and long lives. Because justice
It is the most important need of a state's citizens.
Justice is provided by well-functioning legal rules. When the Turkish Grand National Assembly was opened
during the War of Independence,
Accepted by the Ottoman Parliament in 1876
and II. After the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1909, some
Ottoman Basic Law, whose articles were renewed
was in effect. But it was not implemented in practice. This
For this reason, the 1876 Constitution used in the Turkish Grand National Assembly
of the parliament based on national sovereignty without accepting or rejecting
and a short constitution that would determine the functioning of the government
It was necessary to accept it. The first constitution adopted on January 20, 1921
The text consists of 23 articles and one additional article.
was forming. Ottoman Law of this text
In order to indicate that it is different from the main
It was called the Basic Organization Law. Creating the political structure with the declaration of the Republic
A new constitution was required. War of Independence
The name Teşkilat-ı Esasiye was adopted in 1921.
The constitution was given under the extraordinary conditions of the war period.
was made, it meets the needs of the new era
He couldn't afford it. For this reason, a constitutional commission
was created. As a result of the work of the commission, a new
The constitution was prepared and this constitution was signed on April 20, 1924.
It was accepted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly and came into force.

15. If a society is satisfied with
only one of the sexes
achieving what our century
requires, that society will be
weakened by half. The
failures of our society are
due to negligence towards
our women.
and is the result of fault.

16. The rights Atatürk gave to Turkish Women
after the Turkish Revolution...
One of Atatürk's words to women:
"Turkish woman, you deserve to rise on your shoulders and in the skies. In line with these views, she recognized advanced civil rights
by ensuring the acceptance of the Turkish Civil Code on 17-February 1926.
Civil rights given to Turkish women.
1-The principle of marrying only one woman and the marriage age limit.
2-The woman who is about to get married will never be forced to marry, and will personally express her consent to marriage to the
marriage officer.
3-He gave the right of custody to the woman.
4-Men and women had separate inheritance rights.
5- It abolished the man's right to divorce the woman whenever he wanted and replaced it with the clause that men and women can
divorce equally, but only for certain reasons by filing a lawsuit.
6-Every woman can testify in court.
7-It gave women who did not have the right to education the right to vote and be elected.
In 1934, 18 women entered the parliament as deputies.
The principles that Atatürk put into practice the views he put forward many years ago on women's rights and the status of women
were included in human rights declarations and agreements and the Constitutions of civilized countries many years later.

17. @efeaudal
My endless gratitude to Atatürk for everything he did and
the path he showed...
Thank you
for listening
to me!