MD Olimova Mutabar Gaybullayevna pptx

Tilshunoslikda ilova konstruksiyalari

1. Olimova Mu`tabar G aybullayevna TILSHUNОSLIKDА ILОVА KОNSTRUKSIYАLАRNING KОMMUNIKАTIV-PRАGMАTIK FUNKSIYАLАRI

2. Kirish Hozirgi o’zgarib yangilanib ketayotgan tilshunoslikda sintaktik aloqalar o’z ichida bog’lanish , ergashish turlari bilan birga to’xtam ( pauza ) turlariga bo’linib murakkablashib bormoqda . Tilshunoslar fanga yangi ilova hodisasini ham kiritmoqdalar . Va shu bilan birga bu barcha tillariga oid universal hodisa bo’lib , yetarlicha o’rganilmaganligini kuzatishimiz mumkin . Tilshunoslikda bu hodisa muhim hodisalardan biri bo’lib , malumot berayotganda axborot ularsiz to’liq bo’lmay qoladi . Ilova konstruksiyalar muallifning kommunikativ maqsadiga mos ravishda quriladi , informativ segmentatsiya esa biriktirilgan elementni faollashtirishga , mantiqiy tanlashga yordam beradi , bu esa ilova konstruksiyada qo‘shimcha semantik-sintaktik ma’no va munosabatlarning paydo bo‘lishiga olib keladi .

3. She thinks I’m wonderful. Like an elder brother . I didn’t choose the house. Though I think it’s a very pleasant one. That’s what I want. Somewhere cold and clean. No people, no dirty people.

4. Ilova konstruksiyalari o'ziga xos sintaksik hodisa bo'lib , ular qo'shimcha sifatida paydo bo'lgan ifoda funksiyasini bajarib keladi , ular strukturasiga ko'ra ilovali element deb ataladi . Ana shu ilovali element asosiy ifoda ( asosiy gap) ma'nosini aniqlashtirib , rivojlantirib keladi , ma'lum darajada izohlab beradi . Bunday sintaktik strukturalar odatda ikki qismdan iborat bo'ladi , birinchi qism asosiy axborotni , ikkinchisi esa qo'shimcha xabarni ifodalab keladi . Ular nutqda birliklarning funksional qo'llanilishini birlashtiradi , ularning yordamida so'zlovchining ongida va uning nutqida asosiy ifodadan keyin , asosiy fikr bildirilgandan so'ng yuzaga keladigan qo'shimcha ma'no beradigan ifoda keltiriladi .

5. Nazariy asoslari Birinchi marta “ ilova ” atamasini tilshunoslikda 1937 yilda akademik L.V. Shcherba o'zining " Rus tilidagi nutq qismlari to'g'risida " asarida tilga olgan , unda olim ilova konstruksiyasini til va nutq hodisasi sifatida ularni bir-biri bilan chambarchas bog'liqligida ko'rib chiqdi va " ilovali bog’lanish " atamasini ishlatdi . Tadqiqotchi bog‘lovchi konstruksiyalarning eng muhim belgisini , ya’ni ularda nutq so’zlanayotgan vaqtda o‘z-o‘zidan paydo bo‘lish belgisi borligini ko‘rsatib o‘tdi : “... Ikkinchi element ongda faqat birinchisidan keyin yoki uning aytilishi vaqtida paydo bo‘ladi ”. Sintaktik bog’lanish hodisasining dastlabki tadqiqotchilaridan bo’lgan A.M. Peshkovskiy ilovali birikishni " bo’linish pauzasidan keyingi teng bog’lanish " va " bo’linish pauzasidan keying tobe bog’lanish " deb tavsiflagan .

6. Sintaktik bog’lanish hodisasining dastlabki tadqiqotchilaridan bo’lgan A.M. Peshkovskiy ilovali birikishni " bo’linish pauzasidan keyingi teng bog’lanish " va " bo’linish pauzasidan keying tobe bog’lanish " deb tavsiflagan . V.V. Vinogradov ilovali bog’lanishlarning mohiyatini ochib , ularning xalq og’zaki ijodi bilan uzviy bog'liqligini qayd etadi . A.S. Pushkinning asarlarini tahlil qilib ilova konstruksiyalarining stilistik funktsiyalarini mohirona va chuqur tasvirlaydi . S . I. Burlakova ilovali bog`lanish dialogik nutqda paydo bo`lganligini ko`rsatadi . Yozma nutqni og`zaki nutq me`yorlariga yaqinlashtirish uchun esa yozma nutqqa ham ilovali bog’lanish kiritiladi . I. A. Popova ilovali elementlarni “ ilgari bildirilgan fikrni to‘ldiruvchi , rivojlantiruvchi va uni yangi nuqtai nazardan yorituvchi ma’lumotlarni o‘z ichiga olgan birikma ” deb tushunadi . Bu yerd а B.T.Tursun о v t о m о nid а n d о kt о rlik, B.M.Ahmedova, M.B.Begmatov, M.Rahimovalar tomonidan nomzodlik dissert а tsiy а silarining him о y а qilinishini а l о hid а t а ’kidl а sh l о zim.

7. Strukturaviy guruhlanishi To’liqsiz gap ko’rinishida I barely glimpsed the words “This program has been edited for Your Enhanced Pleasure” , and then I was there. Bogie in Casablanca ( James Patterson). There are furtive close-ups of military patrol vehicles at intervals along the way. Checkpoints (James Patterson ). Tobe bog’lanishli ergash gap ko’rinishidagi ilova konstruksiyalar I don’t worry now. Because you do not worry either (J . Lindsay ). You know what everyone's saying? About why he's disappeared? About what finally stopped him? " (J . Rowling)

8. Bosh gapga teng bog’lovchilar yordamida bog’langan ilova konstruksiyalar . Bunda ilova elementlar bosh gapga for, and , nor, yet, but, or, so kabi bog’lovchilar yordamida bog’lanadi . Mr. Dursley sat frozen in his armchair. Shooting stars all over Britain? Owls flying by daylight? Mysterious people in cloaks all over the place? And a whisper , a whisper about the Potters... (J. Rowling). His face went from red to green faster than a set of traffic lights. And it didn't stop there. Within seconds it was the grayish white of old porridge (J. Rowling)..

9. Bog’lovchisiz ilova konstruksiyalar . Bunday turdagi ilova konstruksiyalarda ilova birikma asosiy gapga ohang yoki tinish belgilari yordamida bog’lanadi . Yet sometimes he thought (or maybe hoped) that strangers in the street seemed to know him. Very strange strangers they were, too (J. Rowling). "Go to your cupboard -- I mean, your bedroom , " he wheezed at Harry (J. Rowling)..

10. Semantik funksiyalari Ilova qism o’zidan oldingi fikrning ma’nosini kengaytiruvchi ilova konstruksiyalar . Ilovali elementlarning bunday turlari asosiy gapning ma’nosini yanada kengaytirib uni mazmunan boyitadi . And when the party entered the assembly room it consisted of only five altogether— Mr. Bingley, his two sisters, the husband of the eldest, and another young man (Jane Austin ). I think men’s friendships are much deeper than women’s . But not so possessive.

11. Oldingi fikrni ma’nosini toraytirish , cheklash , ta’kidlash yoki aniqlashtirish munosabatini ifodalovchi ilova konstruksiyalar . . The distance is nothing when one has a motive; only three miles (Jane Austin).

12. Aniqlovchi vazifasidagi ilovali elementlar gapda ko’pincha postpredikativ xarakterga ega bo’ladi va ular butun gapga emotsional ifoda beradi . Noodatiy tarzda ilovali element o’zi aniqlashitirib kelayotgan otdan uzoq masofada joylashsa -da u bilan sintaktik aloqani saqlab qoladi va qo’shimcha xususiyatlarini ifodalaydi . Bunda ilovali element aniqlanayotgan so’z bilan leksik jihatdan bir xil yoki har xil bo’lishi mumkin va kommunikativ jihatdan nutqning aniq va to’liq bo’lishiga xizmat qiladi . A girl from his neighborhood . Young and pretty .

13. Ega vazifasidagi ilovali elementlar nutqda ko’proq uchraydi va ular asosan o’zidan oldingi gapning ma’nosini konkretlashtirib va to’ldirib keladi . … he learned the most important part of the language that all the world spoke-the language that everyone on earth was capable of understanding in their heart. It was love. The battles may last for a long time, perhaps even years.

14. To’ldiruvchi vazifasidagi ilovali elementlarda agar bosh gapdagi kesim o’timli fe’l bilan ifodalangan bo’lsa ilovali element predlogli to’ldiruvchi ko’rinishida bo’lishi mumkin . It had brought with it the sweat and the dreams of man who had once left to search for the unknown , and for the gold and adventure- and for the Pyramids. To’ldiruvchi bilan ifodalangan ilovali elementlar ma’lumotni aniqlashtirish yoki qo’shimcha ma’lumot berish vazifasidan tashqari aynan ilovali element tarkibidagi ma’lumotni ajratib ko’rsatish va ta’kidlash kabi kommunikativ vazifalarni bajaradi . Bunda ular nutqning tinglovchi tomonidan oson va tez qabul qilinishiga , uzatilayotgan axborotni yanada aniq va to’liq yetkazilishiga xizmat qiladi .

15. Hol bilan ifodalangan ilovali elementda ko’pincha otlar predlog bilan birga kelib hol vazifasini bajaradi : It’s in Egypt, near the Pyramids! Bunday birikmalar odatda ilovali elementning tobe qismi bo’lib quyidagi funksiyalarni bajarib kelishi mumkin : harakatning sodir bo’lish vaqti va joyini aniqlashtirib keladi : I’m a shepherd, and I have been to many places, but I come from only one place - from a city near an ancient castle. harakatning bajarilish usulini batafsil izohlab keladi : I am dedicated to serving, no matter the task . harakatning holatini aniqlashtirib keladi : I felt like a ship without a rudder, lost in a storm of uncertainty .

16. Xulosa Xulosa qilib aytganda, nutqda ilovali elementlarning potensial darajada uchrash ehtimoli bor va ba’zan zarur. Shuning uchun u universal birlik deb hisoblanishi mumkin. Kommunikativ va ekspressiv funksiyasi tufayli ilova konstruksiyalar nutqning turli uslublarida ishlatilishi mumkin. Tilshunoslikda ilova konstruksiyalarining kommunikativ funksiyalari so’zlovchi va tinglovchi o’rtasidagi muloqotning samarali bo’lishida muhim rol o’ynaydi. Ilovali elementlar gapning kommunikativ istiqbolini ifodalovchi muhim vositadir.