UNIT – 3 - MEAL PLANNING
1. DEFINITION: -
• Meal planning is planning for the meals in advance.
• Menu planning is the process of deciding what you will eat for each meal, including main dishes, side dishes, and desserts.
• Menu planning is a skilled activity involving planning of balanced meals that are colourful, appetizing, and palatable and within
the econiomic means of the individual concerned.
• Meal planning means planning diets which will provide all nutrients in required amounts and proportions ie. adequate
nutrition.
• Meal planning thus is both an art and a science: an art in the skilful blending of colours, texture and flavour: and a science in
the wise choice of food for optimum nutrition and digestion.
1.प
रिभाषा
:-
•
भोजन योजना का तात्पर्यभोजन केलिए पहले से योजना बनाना है।
•
भोजन योजना यह तय करने की प्रक्रिया हैकिआप प्रत्येक भोजन में क्या खाएंगे
,
जिसमें मुख्य व्यंजन
,
साइडडिश और डेसर्टशामिलहैं।
•
भोजन योजना एक कु शलगतिविधिहैजिसमें संतुलित भोजन की योजना बनाना शामिलहै जो रंगीन
,
स्वादिष्ट और रुचिकर हो और संबंधित व्यक्ति
की आर्थिक क्षमता के भीतर हो।
•
भोजन योजना का अर्थहै ऐसे आहार की योजना बनाना जो आवश्यक मात्रा और अनुपात में सभी पोषक तत्वप्रदान करेगा। पर्याप्त पोषण
.
•
भोजन योजना इस प्रकार एक कला औरविज्ञानदोनों है
: रंगों,
बनावटऔर स्वादके कु शलमिश्रण में एक कला
:
और इष्टतम पोषण और पाचन
केलिए भोजन की बुद्धिमान पसंदमें एकविज्ञान।
2. PRINCIPLE OF MEAL PLANNING:-
• Meeting nutritional requirement: A good menu is one which will not only provide adequate calories, fat and proteins but also
minerals, vitamins essential for the physical well being of each member of family. In a balanced diet the ratio of energy
distribution from carbohydrate, protein and fat would be 7:1:2 respectively. The diet should contain 'Basic four food groups'.
• Meal pattern must fulfil family needs: Meal pattern varies with age, occupation and life stage of the family members. A family
meal should cater to the needs of the different members. A growing adolescent boy may need variety of foods to satisfy
appetite, whereas a young child may require soft and bland diet. Pregnant women require more greens in the diet. A heavy
worker requires more calories and B vitamins than other members of the family. The family meal must offer children enough fat
and flexibility in caloric density so that their energy needs are met.
• Meal planning should save time and energy: Planning of meals should be done in such a way, that the recipes should be
simple and nutritious. Labour and time saving devices can be used. Using convenience foods save time and energy.
• Meal planning should consider economic constraints: Meals planned that are not within budget, cannot be put into practice.
The cost of meals can be reduced by bulk purchasing and using seasonal fruits and vegetables.
• Meal plan should give maximum nutrients: Losses of nutrients during processing and cooking should be minimised. Sprouted
grams, malted cereals and fermented foods enhance the nutritive value. Good quality protein should be distributed in all meals.
Pressure cooker can be used to conserve the nutrients.
• Meal planning considers individual likes and dislikes: The meal plan should not only meet RDA but also individual preferences,
like vegetarian or non-vegetarian preferences. If a person does not like particular greens, it can be tried in a different form or
substituted by some other equally nourishing food. Food habits and dietary pattern should also be considered. Religion,
traditions and customs of the individual should be considered in planning the menu.
• Meals planned should provide variety: If meals are monotonous they are not relished. Variety can be introduced in colour,
texture and taste, by using different kinds of foods and cooking methods. Variety also helps in meeting the nutritional
requirement.
• Meals should give satiety: Each meal should have some amount of protein, fat and fibre to give satiety. While planning menu,
the interval between meals is also considered.
• Menus should include locally available foods: The wide variation in dietary patterns throughout the world is due to the
availability of different kinds of foods in those regions.
• Meals should include health foods: Ideal diets should provide besides nutrients those bioactive chemicals which can help to
prevent and retard disease processes.
2.
भोजन योजना कासिद्धांत
:-
•
पोषण संबंधी आवश्यकता को पूरा करना
:
एक अच्छा मेनूवह है जो न केवलपर्याप्त कैलोरी
,
वसा और प्रोटीन प्रदान करेगा बल्किपरिवार के
प्रत्येक सदस्य की शारीरिक भलाई केलिए आवश्यक खनिज
,
विटामिन भी प्रदान करेगा। संतुलित आहार में कार्बोहाइड्रेट
,
प्रोटीन औरवसा से ऊर्जा
वितरण का अनुपातक्रमशः
7:1:2
होगा। आहार में
'
बुनियादीचार खाद्य समूह
'
शामिलहोनेचाहिए।