Meaning of disasters and hazards and app

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1. Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology, Uka Tarsadia University Department of Civil Engineering Subject Co-Ordinator: Prof. Helly Mehta Assistant Professor, Ph.D Pursuing, Department of Civil Engineering, C.G.P.I.T, UTU. B.Tech (Civil Engineering) Semester 5 th Subject: Disaster Management

2. Outline: 1.1 Meaning of disasters and hazards 1.2 Classifications of disasters 1.3 Potential impacts 1.4 Meanings of the terms - Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Risk, Vulnerability, Resilience, Secondary threats 1.5 Phases of disaster responses.

3. Meaning of Disaster: Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing wide spread human, material or environment losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources. Disaster means a catastrophe(an event resulting in great loss), mishap(unpredictable) calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to and destruction of property or environment beyond the coping capacity of the community of affected area.

4. Meaning of Hazard A hazard is a situation that poses a level of thread to life, health, property or environment. A disaster is a product of hazard such as earthquake, flood or wind storm considering with a vulnerable situation which might include communities, cities & Villages.

5. Effects of Disaster Generally, disaster has the following effects in the concerned areas: It completely disrupts the normal day to day life. Causes a lot of loss in the terms of life and property. Leads to a loss of agriculture and animal life as well. Disasters hamper developmental projects in an adverse manner. Disaster causes destruction to the state of art and infrastructure. It negatively influences the emergency systems. Normal needs and processes like flood, shelter, health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster.

6. Characteristics of Disasters In order to be able to identify that a situation is a disaster, the following characteristics must be eminent and must seem to resonate with the events leading to the situation: It is an extra-ordinary event. Usually occurs because of one of the danger sources, whether caused by nature or human action. Seriously and substantially impact the most vulnerable groups. Results in serious imbalance in the community functions. Results in significant losses in human lives, materials and environment. Exceeds the ability of an affected community to cope with using its own resources.

7. Types of Disasters Disasters can be classified as: Natural disaster Human-Made disaster Incidences of Mass Trauma

8. Classification/Types of Disasters: Natural Disaster 2. Manmade Disaster

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10. Potential impacts People, Loss of life Personal Health, injury or disaster Damage, Destruction of Property Damage, Destruction of infrastructure, public service system Damage, Destruction to environment Damage, Destruction to crops Damage, Loss of production Damage, Loss of Essential Services Damage, Loss of national Infrastructure Disruption to governmental process systems Disruption, Loss of Community, Life style Loss of national, local economies. Sociological and psychological Consequences.

11. Meanings of the terms: Prevention – Disaster prevention is action taken to eliminate or avoid harmful natural phenomena and their effects. Examples: cloud seeding to control metrological patterns, erection of dams, leaves to prevent flooding, etc.

12. Mitigation – Mitigation is action taken to reduce both human suffering and property loss resulting from extreme natural phenomena. Measure include land use planning, improved disaster resistant building techniques, and better agricultural practices.

13. Preparedness – Preparedness encompasses those actions taken to limit the impact of natural phenomena by structural response and establishing a mechanism for quick and orderly reactions.

14. Risk - Risk is the relative degree of probability that a hazardous event will occur. An active fault zone , for example , would be in area of high risk.

15. Vulnerability - Vulnerability is a condition wherein human settlements, buildings, agriculture, or human health are exposed to a disaster by virtue of their construction or proximity to hazardous terrain.

16. Resilience – It is the ability of individual communities, organizations or states to adopt to and recover from hazards, shocks or stresses without compromising long term prospects for development.

17. Secondary threats – Secondary threats are hazards such as landslides or erosion. Created or triggered as a result of a larger or stronger hazard( eg ., An earthquake, cyclone). Secondary threats can occur during the primary disaster event or may happen days, weeks, or even month after word. Disaster Management - The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities which pertain to the various stages of a disaster at all levels. Disaster Population - Usually associated with crisis-induced mass migration in which large numbers of people are forced to leave their homes to seek alternative means of survival. Such mass movements normally result from the effects of conflict, severe food shortages or collapse of economic support systems.

18. Early warning system - The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. Emergency management - The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps. Emergency services - The set of specialized agencies that have specific responsibilities and objectives in serving and protecting people and property in emergency situations.

19. Phases of disaster responses The following are the different phases of Disaster responses: Warning Phase Emergency Phase Rehabilitation Phases(Transitional) Reconstruction Phase

20. Thank you…!