MEANING OF FEDERALISM class 10th ppt.pptx

meaning of federalism

1. Federalism meaning and features

2. MEANING OF FEDERALISM FEDERALISM IS A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICHTHE POWER IS DIVIDED BETWEEN A CENTRAL AUTHORITYAND VARIOUS CONSTITUENT UNITS OF THE COUNTRY. USUALLY, A FEDERATION HAS TWO LEVELS OFGOVERNMENT. ONE IS THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE ENTIRECOUNTRY THAT IS USUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR A FEWSUBJECTS OF COMMON NATIONAL INTEREST. THE OTHERS ARE GOVERNMENTS AT THE LEVEL OFPROVINCES OR STATES THAT LOOK AFTER MUCH OF THEDAY-TO-DAY ADMINISTERING OF THEIR STATE.  BOTH THESE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENTS ENJOY THEIRPOWER INDEPENDENT OF THE OTHER.

3. DIFFRENCES BETWEEN FEDERAL AND UNITARY SYSTEM OFGOVERNMENT UNITARY  SYSTEM UNDER THE UNITARY SYSTEM,EITHER THERE IS ONLY ONE LEVELOF GOVERNMENT OR THE SUB-UNITS ARE SUBORDINATE TO THECENTRAL GOVERNMENT. THECENTRAL GOVERNMENT CAN PASSON ORDERS TO THE PROVINCIALOR THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT . FEDERAL SYSTEM IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM, THECENTRAL GOVERNMENTCANNOT ORDER THE STATEGOVERNMENT TO DOSOMETHING. STATEGOVERNMENT HAS POWERS OFITS OWN FOR WHICH IT IS NOTANSWERABLE TO THE CENTRALGOVERNMENT. BOTH THESEGOVERNMENTS ARE SEPARATELYANSWERABLE TO THE PEOPLE.

4. KEY FEATURES OF FEDERALISM 1.THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LEVELS (OR TIERS) OF GOVERNMENT. 2. DIFFERENT TIERS OF GOVERNMENT GOVERN THE SAME CITIZENS, BUT EACH TIERHAS ITS OWN JURISDICTION IN SPECIFIC MATTERS OF LEGISLATION, TAXATION ANDADMINISTRATION. 3. THE JURISDICTIONS OF THE RESPECTIVE LEVELS OR TIERS OF GOVERNMENT ARESPECIFIED IN THE CONSTITUTION. SO THE EXISTENCE AND AUTHORITY OF EACH TIER OFGOVERNMENT IS CONSTITUTIONALLY GUARANTEED. 4. THE FUNDAMENTAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION CANNOT BE UNILATERALLYCHANGED BY ONE LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT. SUCH CHANGES REQUIRE THE CONSENT OFBOTH THE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT.

5. 5. COURTS HAVE THE POWER TO INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION AND THE POWERSOF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT. THE HIGHEST COURT ACTS AS AN UMPIRE IFDISPUTES ARISE BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT IN THE EXERCISE OFTHEIR RESPECTIVE POWERS. 6. SOURCES OF REVENUE FOR EACH LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT ARE CLEARLY SPECIFIEDTO ENSURE ITS FINANCIAL AUTONOMY. 7. THE FEDERAL SYSTEM THUS HAS DUAL OBJECTIVES: TO SAFEGUARD AND PROMOTEUNITY OF THE COUNTRY, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME ACCOMMODATE REGIONALDIVERSITY.

6. TWO KINDS OF ROUTES THROUGH WHICH FEDERATIONS HAVE BEEN FORMED ‘ COMING TOGETHER’ FEDERATIONS THE FIRST ROUTE INVOLVES INDEPENDENTSTATES COMING TOGETHER ON THEIR OWNTO FORM A BIGGER UNIT, SO THAT BYPOOLING SOVEREIGNITY AND RETAININGIDENTITY THEY CAN INCREASE THEIRSECURITY. THIS TYPE OF ‘COMINGTOGETHER’ FEDERATIONS INCLUDE THE USA, SWITZERLAND AND AUSTRALIA.IN THIS FIRST CATEGORY OF FEDERATIONS,ALL THE CONSTITUENT STATES USUALLYHAVE EQUAL POWER AND ARE STRONGVIS-À-VIS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. ‘ HOLDING TOGETHER’ FEDERATIONS THE SECOND ROUTE IS WHERE ALARGE COUNTRY DECIDES TO DIVIDEITS POWER BETWEEN THECONSTITUENT STATES AND THENATIONAL GOVERNMENT.INDIA, SPAIN AND BELGIUMAREEXAMPLES OF THIS KIND OF ‘HOLDINGTOGETHER’ FEDERATIONS. IN THISSECOND CATEGORY, THE CENTRALGOVERNMENT TENDS TO BE MOREPOWERFUL VIS-À-VIS THE STATES.