MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA, PPT FOR EDUCATION

MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA PPT

1. 1 KING GEORGE’S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW,U.P. SUBJECT-CHILD HEALTH NURSING TOPIC- MEASLES, MUMPS & RUBELLA PRESENTED BY ANAM FATIMA M.Sc. NURSING 1 ST YEAR COLLEGE OF NURSING

2. OBJECTIVES Introduction of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Definition of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Epidemiological Triad of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Mode Of Transmission of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Incubation Period of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Clinical Features of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Diagnosis of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Prevention of Measles, Mumps & Rubella Treatment of Measles, Mumps & Rubella 2

3. INTRODUCTION Measles is a viral & leading killer disease among vaccine preventable diseases. WHO (2013) - 145,700 measles death globally. Measles vaccination - bring down 75% deaths. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 3

4. MEASLES ( RUBEOLA) DEFINITION Highly contagious, acute infectious disease caused by measles virus (Morbillivirus). 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 4

5. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 5 Maternal antibodies protect infant from 6 -9 month of age.

6. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Transmitted by droplet of infection with portal of entry through respiratory tract within 4 days before and after the appearance of rash. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 6

7. INCUBATION PERIOD 10 days from exposure to onset of fever and 14 days to appearance of rash. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 7

8. CLINICAL FEATURES 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 8

9. 1.PRODROMAL STAGE ( 10 th –14 th days) 9 Cough, Coryza Conjunctivitis Photophobia Fever (40°C)

10. 2. ERUPTIVE STAGE Dusky red maculopapular rash, initially behind the ears which rapidly spread over the face, neck, trunk and extremities in next 2-3 days. Rise of fever (41°C) First 2-5 days of rash, virus is present in tear, nasal and throat secretion, urine and blood. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 10

11. 3.POST MEASLES STAGE Weight loss, weakness May lead to growth retardation and diarrhea. Leads to chronic illness due to increased susceptibility to bacterial & viral infection. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 11

12. DIAGNOSIS IgM antibodies confirms acute infection ( seen 3 days after rash ) Viral culture PCR 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 12

13. PREVENTION MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)- 2 dose vaccine 1 st dose – 12 to 15 months 2 nd dose – 4 to 6 years A live attenuated vaccine. Administration 0.5 ml, SC right upper arm. Isolate patient, use facemask & handwashing 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 13

14. TREATMENT No specific treatment Supportive treatment Antipyretics Hydration Therapy Vitamin A Immunoglobulins 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 14

15. MUMPS DEFINITION Mumps is an acute infectious disease caused by RNA virus of genus Rubulavirus primarily affecting salivary gland particularly parotid gland which are located near the ears. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 15

16. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD V irus is found in saliva, blood, human milk, and urine Period of communicability-4-6 days before the onset of symptoms and a week or more thereafter. Single attack gives Lifelong immunity. Infant before 6 months is immune due to maternal antibodies . 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 16

17. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 17 INCUBATION PERIOD Varies from 2-3 weeks usually 18 days MODES OF TRANSMISSION It is spread through direct contact or by airborne droplet of infected individuals by coughing, sneezing & talking . INCUBATION PERIOD Varies from 2-3 weeks usually 18 days

18. CLINICAL FEATURES 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 18 Fever and headache Pain and swelling in either one or both parotid glands ( chipmunk cheek ). Pain and stiffness while opening the mouth Ear ache in the affected side.

19. CHIPMUNK 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 19

20. DIAGNOSIS IgM antibodies testing PCR Viral culture 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 20

21. PREVENTION MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)- 2 dose vaccine A live attenuated vaccine. Administration 0.5 ml, SC right upper arm. A single dose of monovalent live attenuated mumps vaccine 0.5ml is administered IM or SC to children over the age of 1year. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 21

22. TREATMENT Supportive treatment include: Antipyretic Hydration Gargle with warm salt water Soft diet Ice or heat pack on swollen cheeks 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 22

23. RUBELLA (German Measles Or 3-day Measles) 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 23

24. DEFINITION Rubella or German measles is an acute childhood viral infection, usually mild, of short duration (approx. 3 days) and accompanied by low grade fever, lymphadenopathy and a maculopapular rash. Rubella infection in pregnancy may lead to fetal death or congenital defects referred to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 24

25. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 25 Virus is found in the nasopharynx, throat, blood, CSF and urine Person is infectious from a week before the appearance of symptoms to about a week after the appearance of rashes.

26. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 26 INCUBATION PERIOD Varies from 2-3 weeks usually 18 days MODES OF TRANSMISSION By airborne droplets when infected people sneeze or cough The virus can cross placental barrier and infects the fetus INCUBATION PERIOD Usually, 2-3 weeks with an average of 18 days.

27. CLINICAL FEATURES Rash, low grade fever (<39°C), sore throat, cough, nausea and mild conjunctivitis. Rash starts on the face and neck before progressing down the body, and lasts 1-3 days. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 27

28. Lymph nodes behind the ear and in the neck are swollen. Infected adults more commonly women’s, may tend to develop arthritis and painful joints that normally lasts from 3-10 days. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 28

29. DIAGNOSIS IgM antibodies confirms acute infection ( seen 3 days after rash ) PCR 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 29

30. PREVENTION Monovalent and combined vaccines available against rubella. Combined vaccines are available as MR (measles & rubella), MMR (measles, mumps & rubella) and MMRV (varicella). WisarRA live attenuated vaccine is administered in a single dose of 0.5ml subcutaneously. This is marketed as R-Vac. Vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy and infants. The women recipient of the vaccine is advised not to conceive over the next 3 month. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 30

31. TREATMENT Supportive treatment Antipyretics , analgesics Hydration Therapy Avoid aspirin isolation 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 31

32. SUMMARY Today we have discussed about Introduction measles, mumps and rubella Definition measles, mumps and rubella Epidemiological Triad measles, mumps and rubella Mode Of Transmission measles, mumps and rubella Incubation period measles, mumps and rubella Clinical features measles, mumps and rubella Diagnosis measles, mumps and rubella Prevention measles, mumps and rubella Treatment measles, mumps and rubella 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 32

33. CONCLUSION Measles is a highly communicable viral disease Also called as Rubeola meaning red spots Measles is transmitted by droplet of infection. Mump is a viral infection of human that affects the salivary glands. Chipmunk cheeks like appearance due to swelling of one or both parotid glands Rubella also known as German measles or 3-day measles. MMR vaccine is given to prevent from measles, mumps and rubella. 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 33

34. RECAPITULATION Q1. Which is the leading killer disease among vaccine preventable diseases Q2. What are the clinical features of measles? Q3. How will you prevent MMR diseases? Q4. Chipmunk cheeks is seen in which type of disease? Q5. What do you mean by 3-day measles? 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 34

35. ASSIGNMENT Write nursing any 5 diagnosis on MMR diseases 26-09-2024 KGMU COLLEGE OF NURSING MMR 35

36. REFERENCES Sharma Rimple. Essentials of Pediatric Nursing. 2 nd ed. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (p) ltd: 2017: p. 619-624 Padmaja A. Textbook of Child Health Nursing. 1 st ed. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher (p) ltd: 2016: p. 560-564 Park. K, “Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine”, 25 th Edition, M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Page no. 159-166 Pal Panchali “Text of Pediatric Nursing”,3 rd edition, CBS Publication, Page no- 526-528 Datta Parul, “Pediatric Nursing”, 4 th edition, The Health Science Publisher, Page no- 519-525 36