measles ppt.pptxhamzabajsjsjsnsjjzjsnsjzj

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1. Measles

2. Introduction Measles,also known as “ Rubeola ”. A highly contagious disease caused by a virus. It is an infection of respiratory system, immune system and skin. Measles is an acute infectious disease of childhood.

3. Causetive agent Measles is caused by a virus belongs to para myxovirus family, genus morbillivirus. Para myxovirus are single stranded RNA viruses

4. Transmission Air born disease spread easily through respiratory droplets from cough and sneeze of infected person to another person. Also spread through direct contact with mouth or nasal secretions of infected person.

5. Risk factors Vitamin A deficiency . Immunodeficiency. Unvaccinated people. Pregnancy. Close contact with infected person.

6. Clinical Findings Measles virus in body and symptoms develop 10-14 days after exposure and last 7-10 days initial symptoms appears. The first initial symptoms of a measles infection are usually a hacking cough, runny nose, high fever, and red eyes. Koplik’s spot are small white spots formed after 2-3 days after the start of initial symptoms . After 3-5 days of the start of initial symptoms, Red flat maculopapular rashes usually appears on the face then spreads to the rest of the body and last One week . Patient are considered contagious 4 days before and after the rashes appears.

7. Complications - *Diarrhea and vomiting*: Diarrhea and vomiting can result in losing too much water from the body (dehydration) .
- *Ear infection*: One of the most common complications of measles is a bacterial ear infection .
- *Bronchitis, laryngitis or croup*: Measles may lead to irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the airways (croup) .
- *Pneumonia*: Measles can commonly cause an infection in the lungs (pneumonia) .
- *Encephalitis*: About 1 in 1,000 people with measles can develop a complication called encephalitis, which is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the brain .

8. Investigation IgM antibodies confirms acute infection. IgG antibodies shows immunity to infection. Viral culture. PCR.

9. Prevention MMR vaccine that combination of measles, mumps, rubella. Vaccine is a two dose series effectively protects against all the three viruses. 1 st dose for children ages 12 months to 15 months and 2 nd dose given as soon as 4 weeks after the 1 st dose.

10. Isolation If someone in your household has measles, they should stay home and not return to activities where they interact with other people during this period .