Mechanically activated drug delivery system .pptx

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1. Mechanically activated drug delivery system Presented By.
A- 13 Patil Pankaj Nitin.
(F.Y. Mpharm P’ceutics ) SNJB’S S. S. D. J. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, CHANDWAD

2. 2 Content Introduction to mechanically activated system Classification of mechanically activated system Meter ed dose inhaler Dry powder inhaler Nebulizers References

3. 3 Introduction This type of activation-controlled drug delivery system the drug reservoir is a solution formulation retained in a container equipped with a mechanically activated pumping system. A measured dose of drug formulation is reproducibly delivered into a body cavity The volume of solution delivered is controllable, as small as 10-100 µl. Independent of the force and duration of activation applied as well as the solution volume in the container

4. 4 Cont … A typical example of this type of rate-controlled drug delivery system The development of a metered-dose nebulizer for the intranasal administration of a precision dose of buserelin Buserelin is a synthetic analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and insulin. Through nasal absorption the hepatic first-pass elimination of the pharmaceuticals is thus avoided.

5. 5 Classification Mechanically activated drug delivery system Meter dose inhaler Dry powder inhaler Nebulizer

6. 6 1. Meter ed dose inhaler (MDI) Metered dose inhaler has been the most popular aerosol delivery device for the treatment of respiratory diseases. It is an easy to use device, with sophisticated design. The drug’s are suspended or dissolved in a liquefied propellant system , with other excipient like surfactant and co-solvents. The formulation is kept pressurized in a small canister, sealed with a metering valve. Upon actuation through an actuator, the valve opens and the metered dose is dispensed as an aerosol spray from the expansion and vaporization of the propellant under ambient pressure.

7. 7 Cont … Delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the form of short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self administered by the patient via inhalation. Used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases. Example: Salbutamol Pressurized Inhalation BP ( Asthalin ).

8. Advantages and disadvantages of MDI 8 Advantages Disadvantages Allow pressurized metered dose Require coordination of actuation and inhalation if not used with a spacer Portable and compact High oropharyngeal deposition Cheaper than DPIs Requires propellants Use of a spacer improves medication delivery Drug delivery is highly dependent on technique (if a spacer is not used)

9. 9 2. Dry powder inhaler (DPI) DPI is device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of dry powder. Once loaded or actuated, the operator puts the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the mouth and takes a deep inhalation. This inhaler is breath-activated. Marketed examples of dry powder inhalers include: Advair Diskus , Asmanex Particle Size : 2 to 5 μm

10. 10 Classification of DPI Dry powder inhaler Single dose Multi dose Spinhaler Multi unit dose Reservoir type Diskhaler Turbuhaler

11. 11 Spinhaler First manufactured for the delivery of sodium chromoglycate . Includes drug mixture is prefilled into a hard gelatin capsule and loaded into the device. On activation capsule gets pierced and the patient inhales the dose. Example: Intal Spincaps .

12. 12 Diskhaler Contain circular disk that contains number of powder charges (4-8) Doses are maintain in separate aluminium blister reservior until just prior to inspiration. On activation, aluminium blister is pierced and powder charge is dropped into the dosing chamber and is inhaled. Example: Relenza Diskhaler . for release of Zanamivir . 

13. 13 Turbuhaler Drug is contained in storage reservior and can be dispensed into dosing chamber by simple back and forth action on the base of the unit. Device delivers carrier free particles of the drugs such as agonist ( Terbutaline sulfate) and steroid (Budesonide). Example : Pulmicort for the delivery of Budesonide. 

14. Advantages and disadvantages of DPI Advantages Disadvantages Propellant free design. Expensive than MDI Provides rapid drug action Greater potential problems in dose uniformity. High drug dose carrying capacities. Less protection from environmental effects. Provides local action within the respiratory tract  Humidity may cause powder to aggregate and capsules to soften No need for a spacer Some have shorter expiry dates than others 14

15. 15 3. Nebulizer Changes medication from a liquid to a mist to inhale into the lungs. Since medication goes straight to the lungs , rapid onset of action takes place. This promotes quick symptom relief in the case of illnesses like asthma where fast relief is desirable. Nebulizers does not require patient coordination between inhalation and actuation, thus they are useful for pediatric, elderly, ventilated, non-conscious patients, or those who are unable to use MDIS or DPs. Example : Albuterol sulfate ( AccuNeb )

16. 16 Types of N ebulizers Types of N ebulizers Jet nebulizer Ultra sonic nebulizer Mesh nebulizer This uses compressed gas to make an aerosol  Makes aerosol through high frequency vibrations.   Liquid passes through a very fine mesh to form the aerosol . smallest particles

17. 17 Jet Nebulizer Mesh Nebulizer Ultrasonic Nebulizer

18. Advantages and disadvantages 18 Advantages Disadvantages High output. Less portable than inhalers. Higher dose than MDIs. Delivery may take 5-10 mins or longer. Multiple one-way valve reduce waste. Require power sources, maintenance and cleaning. Cost effective for long term. It is quite noisy.

19. 19 Thank You !