Medical and surgical asepsis presentation

medical and surgical sepsis

1. Medical and surgical asepsis Sonia Noor BSN(Gen.) Nur s i n g I n s t ruc t or

2. Explain the chain of infection Discuss factors that decrease the risk of infection in various settings. Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis Objectives

3. Asepsis: absence of germs or micro-organisms. Medical Asepsis: this is a technique or procedure which reduce the number of micro organisms and thus prevents the spread of disease. Surgical Asepsis: it is a technique or Practices that destroy all microorganisms & their spores that provide protection against infection before, during and after a surgical procedure. Define the following terms

4. Chain of Infection

5. Infectious agent is the pathogen (germ) that causes diseases Reservoir includes places in the environment where the pathogen lives (this includes people, animals and insects, medical equipment, and soil and water) Portal of exit is the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir (through open wounds, aerosols, and splatter of body fluids including coughing, sneezing, and saliva) Chain of Infection

6. Mode of transmission is the way the infectious agent can be passed on (through direct or indirect contact, ingestion, or inhalation) Portal of entry is the way the infectious agent can enter a new host (through broken skin, the respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and catheters and tubes) Susceptible host can be any person (the most vulnerable of whom are receiving healthcare, are immunocompromised, or have invasive medical devices including lines, devices, and airways) Chain of Infection

7. Chain of Infection

8. Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont... Handwashing Standard precaution PPEs Disinfection Sterilization Transmission based precautions Safe management of equipment, environment, blood and body fluids, linen Don't share personal items. Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. Practice good food-safety techniques Get vaccinated

9. Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont... Handwashing (hand rub or wash): Use an alcohol-based hand rub (if hands are not visibly soiled), or soap and water (if hands are visibly soiled). Wash your hands before and after contact with the patient, before invasive/aseptic procedures, and after body fluid exposure risk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PuRQZEL1oU

10. Standard precaution Hand hygiene Use of PPEs( gloves, gown, mask, eye and face shield) Safe use of sharp Safe waste practices Safe waste management Proper cleaning and disinfection Complying with cough etiquette Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont...

11. Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont... Disinfection describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects. In health-care settings, objects usually are disinfected by liquid chemicals or wet pasteurization. Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods. Steam under pressure, dry heat, EtO gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid chemicals are the principal sterilizing agents used in health-care facilities.

12. Transmission based precautions Contact Precautions for patients with known or suspected infections that represent an increased risk for contact transmission. Precautions include: • Possible private room • Clean gown and glove use • Disposal of contaminated items in room • Double-bag linen and mark Droplet Precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing, or talking. Precautions include: • Same as those for contact • Addition of mask and eye protection within 3 ft of client Airborne Precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by the airborne route (e.g., tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster). Transmission via ventilation systems, shaking sheets, sweeping Precautions include: • Same as those for contact, with addition of special mask N95 Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont...

13. PPEs Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont...

14. Safe management of equipment, environment, blood and body fluids, linen Care equipment is easily contaminated with blood, other body fluids, secretions, excretions and infectious agents. used once then decontaminated e.g. surgical instruments. Needles and syringes are single use devices Never administer medications from a single-dose vial or intravenous (IV) bag to multiple patients. Their programs prevent accidents, illness, and injuries while reducing environmental toxins, and spillage Spillages of blood and other body fluids may transmit blood borne viruses. Spillages must be decontaminated immediately by staff trained to undertake this safely. Should be stored in a clean, designated area, preferably an enclosed cupboard. Don’t place used linen at floor, hamper don’t fill more than 2/3. Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont...

15. Factors that decrease the risk of infection cont...

16. Medical and surgical asepsis M e dical A s epsis Su rgical A s ep s is Medical asepsis is the reduction of the number of disease causing agents and their spread The techniques used in the process are called clean This procedure is carried out in the administration of medication, tube feeding urine bag empty, mouth washing clean least soiled area first than move to more soiled areas Keep contaminated items away from touching cloths Don’t place soiled linen or equipment on floor Avoid raising dust Surgical asepsis is the complete elimination of the disease causing agents and their spores from the surface of an object. In surgical asepsis sterile techniques are used Sterile techniques are followed in changing dressings of a wound, catheterization and surgeries Only sterile object can touch another sterile object Open sterile package with the first edge away from you, never reach across a sterile field Avoid spilling solution on sterile field Never leave or turn your back on a sterile field Keep your sterile feed at your waist level.

17. https://www.nipcm.hps.scot.nhs.uk/chapter-1-standard-infection-control- precautions-sicps/print?section=1083 https://www.nipcm.hps.scot.nhs.uk/chapter-1-standard-infection-control- precautions-sicps/print?section=1084 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Five-5-moments-of-hand-hygiene-Source- World-Health-Organisation-WHO-guidelines-on_fig1_336112717 https://www.ottawapublichealth.ca/en/professionals-and-partners/chain-of- infection.aspx https://www.atrainceu.com/content/2-understanding-chain-infection References