MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY - TREPONEMAPALLIDUM , medical bacteriology

Medical bacteriology

1. VEKANANDHA
ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
VEERACHIPALAYAM-636007, SANKAGIRI, TAMIL NADU
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SUBJECT : MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY
TOPIC: TREPONEMAPALLIDUM
SUBJECT INCHARGE: SUMMITED BY:
DR.MYTHILI RAVICHANDRAM. G.GOMATHI
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT, III-BSC MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
VIAAS, SANKAGIRI VIAAS, SANKAGIRI

2. TREPONEMAPALLIDUM

3. CONTENTS
Introduction
Spirochetes
Treponemapallidum
1.Morphology
2.Ultrastructure
3.MotilitY

4. Staining methods
Cultural characteristics
Resistance
Treponemapallidum diagram
Antigenic structures
Pathogenicity
Transmission
Reference

5. Introduction
Trepos_ to turn
nema_thread
Short, slender spirochete
Round or pointed ends
Some are pathogens; cause a spectrum of
diseases called treponematoses
Some are commensals –mouth,
intestines,genitalia
Species are identical in morphology, antigenic
structures, non-identical in clinical
manifestations and epidemiology

7. SPIROCHETES
Spiera_ coil
Chaise or khaite_ hair (greek)
Cork –screw shaped
Spirally twisted along the long axis
Elongated, flexible
Size _5-500um
Motile, withmultiple endoflagella

8. SPIROCHETES
Gram negativebacteria
Aerobic, anaerobic,facultativeanaerobic
Reproduction –transverse fission
Free living saprophytes
 -Genus spirochaets
Obligate parasites
 -Genus treponema, Leptospira

9. TREPONEMA SPECIES:

10. TREPONEMA PALLIDUM SUB-SPECIES

11. TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
Pallidum–Pale staining
Syphiliscausing pathogen
Schuadinnand Hoffmann discovered in 1905
Isolated from chances and inguinal lymph nodes of
infection patients
‘Syphilis;first man to be infection as a punishment
from Greek God Apollo

12. MORPHOLOGY
Delicate,thinspirochete with tapering ends
Gram negative bacteria
Length –10um
Width –0.1-0.2um
Endoflagellaor periplasmicflagella
Sharp, angular spirals location 1umapart
_ primary spirals ~10 in number
_ secondary spirals or curves may appear/disappear
during locomotion

13. ULTRASTRUCTURE
Outer membrane, rich in lipids
Axial filaments enclosed by outer membrane
Periplasmicspace
Endoflagellapresent between cell wall and outer
membrane; don’t protrudeout
Cell wall
Trilaminarcytoplasmic membrane
Protoplast

15. MOTILITY
Actively motile,flexionof the whole body
Cork –screwlike motility
Rotation along the long axis
Endoflagella; remain within outer membrane
Saprophytic species –lashing motilitywith
non-uniform spirals

16. STAINING
Not visible under light microscopy; too thin
Does not take up gram staining
Negative staining –Indian ink
Dark ground or phase contract microscope
Prolonged Giemsa stainproduces light rose red
Silver impregnation method
Fontana’s method–film staining
Levaditi’smethod –tissue section staining using
silver nitrate

17. FONTANA’S STAINING PROCEDURE

19. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
Anaerobic or microaerophilic
Pathogenic treponemescannotbe cultivated
on artificial media
Cocultivationwith tissue culture cell-
limited growth
Complex media,anaerobiccondition –
virulence and motility exhibited only for
10-12 days
Pathogenic strains maintained for decades
using serial testicular passage in rabbits

21. TREPONEMA PALLIDUM DIAGRAM

22. RESISTANCE
Very delicate organisms
High susceptibilityto drying or heating (@41°-
42°C for 1 hour(
Fever therapy or pyrotherapyfor syphilis, based
on it’s heat susceptibility
Donor blood stored for 1-4 days at 0°-4°C
(refrigeration) to prevent transfusion syphilis

23. PATHOGENICITY
Human pathogen
Infection can be induced experimentally in
chimpanzees, rabbits,hamsters(rare)
Infective dose (ID) –less than 10 organisms in
animals
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
Syphilis is a disease of blood vesselsand
perivascular area
Incubatory period -3 weeks

24. Pathogenic IN ANIMAL

25. TRANSMISSION
Veneraltransmission
Non –veneraltransmission (extra –genital
chances)
-Direct contact
-Blood transfusion
-transplacental transmission

26. REFERENCES

27. THANK YOU