Medical electronics

Development of electronics in medical sides

1. MEDICAL ELECTRONICS M.SUJA PRADEEPA COLLEGE :KIT

2. Introduction: I Late 19 th and Early 20 th centuries Measuring and recording bio potential Electro surgery (incisions by resistive heating) Heart stimulation (defibrillator and pacemaker) X-Ray (Rontgen 1895) Electronic Acquisition of radiographic data Radionuclide's (1948 : iodine , thyroid)

3. Introduction: II Ultrasound MRI Principle and chemical application 1946, Applied in human 1980. Development of Electronics and computers made these technologies feasible.

4. Medical Engineering medical facilities Medical Apparatus Medical instrument By type use energy electrom edical a pparatus Mechanical electrom edical a pparatus by direction energy flow Have action devices Perceptive devices

5. Perceptive devices By type energy , perceptive chemical energy light energy heat energy electrical energy Mechanical energy

6. Have action devices therapeutic diagnostical electrical energy mechanical energy mechanical hydraulic light - optical gas ultra sound low frequency X-ray by function By type influence high frequency

7. electrom edical a pparatus sensor, converter, Output device Power sappy

8. Man-instrument System: Components 2004/2005 Dr. Mohamed El-Brawany

9. What is Sensor ? Sensors are devices that convert a physical parameter such as room temperature, blood pressure or wind speed into a signal that can be measured electrically. Other sensor outputs are equally valid (e.g. visual output from a glass thermometer), but we will confined our coverage to electrical output sensors as they are more compatible with electronic measuring devices.

10. Types of sensors Biomedical Sensor Chemical Sensor Automobile Sensor Mechanical Sensor Nano Sensor Agricultural Sensor Pressure Sensor Position Sensor

11. Biomedical Sensors Biomedical Sensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal It consists of 3 parts: the  sensitive biological element  .The sensitive elements can be created by  biological engineering . the  transducer  or the  detector element   that transforms the signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal (i.e., transducers) that can be more easily measured and quantified.

12. c) associated electronics or signal processors that are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way. This sometimes accounts for the most expensive part of the sensor device, however it is possible to generate a user friendly display that includes transducer and sensitive element. Biomedical Sensors

13. Types of Biomedical Sensor Calorimetric Biosensor Temporary Inserted Biosensor Implantable Biosensor Optical Biosensor Piezo-electric Biosensor

14. PACEMAKER A  Pacemaker  is a battery-powered device that sends electrical signals to your heart to help it beat at a proper rate or “pace”. The pacemaker goes under your skin, beneath your collarbone and is connected to your heart by one or more wires

15. PACEMAKER It is used to treat bradycardia and atrial fibrillation associated with bradycardia. Bradycardia is an arrhythmia that is caused when electrical signals are not produced at a fast enough pace by the SA node (the heart’s natural pacemaker) or these signals do not reach the ventricle.

16. PACEMAKER It causes an abnormally slow heartbeat. The pacemaker delivers regulated electric signals to the heart muscle to restore a normal heartbeat rate.

17. A device meant to be embedded in ordinary plaster that includes sensors for monitoring health-related metadata such as blood pressure, temperature and glucose levels. The “digital plaster” contains a Sensium silicon chip, powered by a small battery, which sends data via a cellphone or PDA to a central computer database. If the results show any worrisome signs, patients and doctors alike would be notified of the change in the data patterns . THE DIGITAL PLASTER

18. ECG Sensor The ECG Sensor measures electrical signals produced by the heart. It uses three disposable electrodes. An ECG graph is displayed, demonstrating to students the contraction and repolarization of the heart's chambers.

19. ECG SENSORS How is an ECG Done Ten sensors are attached to your arms, legs, and chest (around the heart area). These sensors "listen" to your heartbeat and make a wave pattern on graph paper. Electrical impulses associated with heart contraction and relaxation are recorded. From the pattern on your ECG tracing, your doctor can check on how your heart is doing.

20. Blood Glucose Meter A  blood glucose meter  is an electronic device for measuring the blood glucose level. A relatively small drop of blood is placed on a disposable test strip which interfaces with a digital meter. Within several seconds, the level of blood glucose will be shown on the digital display.

21. Blood Glucose Meter Needing only a small drop of blood for the meter means that the pain associated with testing is reduced and the compliance of diabetic people to their testing regimens is improved. Although the cost of using blood glucose meters seems high, it is believed to be a cost benefit relative to the avoided medical costs of the  complications of diabetes .

22. Difficulties of Bio-measurements: I/O relationships are not deterministic Accessibility problem Interaction among the variables Effect of measuring device Patient safety Pain and discomfort

23. JUMP TO CONCLUSION Sensors are used in equipment for surgical procedures, intensive care units, hospital recuperative care, and home care. Hence we concluded that sensors plays a very important role in human’s life.

24. Thank You!!!