Medical Terminology

Presentation for Medical Terminology (lecture 1)by Dr. Yousif an Iraqi doctor works in PEAKS MEDICAL ACADEMY.
It help to teach you the medicine language by comparison with English terms.

1. MedicalTerminology
Introduction
to
MedicalTerminology
Presented by:
Dr. Yousif A.Hasan

3. Objectives of thislecture
2
•Identifyanddistinguishamong the four elements ofmedical
terms: roots, suffixes, prefixes, and combiningform.
•Describehowmedical terms are divided into wordelements.
•Apply the basic rules to define and build medicalwords.
•Locate the pronunciation guidelines chart and interpret
pronunciationmarks.
•State the rules for determining singularand pluralendings.

5. ORIGIN OF MEDICALTERMS
•Hippocrates was a Greek
physician and is known as the
“father ofmedicine.”
•75% of medical terms are based
on either Greekor Latinwords.
4

6. What are the basic elements of medicalterms
prefix root
Combining
vowel
suffix
Combiningform
5

7. Word Roots(WR)
❖Usually derived form Greek orLatin
❖Frequently indicates a bodypart
❖Most medical terms have oneor morewordroots
Eg:
cardiology

8. Examples of WordRoots
Word WordRoot
(heart) Cardi
(stomach) Gastr
(liver) Hepat
(kidney) Nephr
(bone) oste

9. ❖Combining Form (CF) is a WordRoot
(WR) plus a vowel, usually an“o”
❖Usually indicates a bodypart
Combining Forms(CF)

10. Combining FormsExamples
❖Cardi/ + o =cardi/o
❖gastr/ + o =gastr/o
❖hepat/ + o =hepat/o
❖nephr/ + o =nephr/o
❖oste/+ o =oste/o
heart
stomach
liver
kidney
bone

11. Suffixes
❖WordEnding
❖Suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition,
disease, or part ofspeech
❖Usually derived from Greek orLatin

12. Examples ofSuffix
❖Arthr/o-centesis
jointpuncture
Arthrocentesis
puncture of ajoint
❖thorac/o-tomy
chest incision
Thoracotomy
incision of thechest
❖gastr/o-megaly Gastromegaly
stomachenlargementenlargement ofthe
stomach

13. DisorderSuffixes
DisordersuffixMeaning
-ema swelling
-trophy nourishment
-ia conditionof
-iasis abnormal conditionof
-megaly enlargement
-oma tumour (mass which may or maynot
becancerous)
-osis abnormalcondition
-ptysis spittingup
-staxis drippingblood

14. SUFFIXES: SurgicalProcedures
-centesis –surgicalpuncture
-desis –surgicalbinding
-ectomy –excision, removal, cutout
-pexy –surgicalfixation
-plasty –surgical repair,correction
-rrhaphy –suture
-sect –tocut
-stomy –forming a newopening
(permanentopening)
-tome –instrument forcutting
-tomy –incision into, cutinto
-tripsy –to crush, breakdown
Moe, after the
bandages comeoff
and the wounds
heal, you’ll still bea
pig.

16. SUFFIXES: diagnosticprocedures
-gram –written record,recording
-graph –instrument forrecording
-graphy –process ofrecording
-manometer –instrument for measuringpressure
-manometry –process of measuringpressure
-meter –instrument formeasuring
-metery –process of measuring
-opsy –Visualexamination
-scope -instrument forexamining
-scopy –process of examining,examination

17. Prefixes
❖Word element located at the beginning of aword
❖Changes the meaning of theword
❖Usually indicates a number, time, position, direction,
color, or sense ofnegation

18. Examples ofPrefix
❖A-
without
mast
breast
-ia
condition
❖hyper-therm
excessiveheat
-ia
condition
❖intra-muscul -ar
in muscle relatingto

19. Commonprefixes
DisorderPrefixes Meaning
a,an without
Brady(bradycardia) slow
Dys(dysfunction) difficult or painful
Hyper(hyperthermia) above
Hypo(hypothermia) below
Oligo(oliguria) few
Poly(polyuria) many
Tachy(tachycardia) fast

20. NumberPrefixes
bi– two
hemi– half
mono– one
multi–
nulli–
many
None
nulliparous
poly– many
quad– four
semi– partial,half
tri– three
uni– one

21. Basic RuleOne
❖A WR (word root) is used before a suffix that begins
with avowel.
Scler/ + osis =sclerosis

22. Basic RuleTwo
❖A combining vowel is used to link a WR to a suffix
that begins with a consonant and to link a WR to
another WR to form a compoundword
colon/o + scope =colonoscope
osteo/ o/ chondr/ itis =osteochondritis

23. Defining MedicalWords
❖First, define the suffix orending
❖Second, define the prefix, orbeginning
❖Third, define themiddle
Endocarditis
heart inflammationInnerlayer
Inflammation the inner layer of theheart

25. Medical terms
Diseases anddisorders
✓Aetiology-study of cause ofdiseases
✓Signs –clinical evidence of cause of diseases ordisorders
✓Symptoms –indicators of disease that the patient isexperiencing
✓Disease –set of signs and symptoms that disrupts normal function of a
body system ororgan
✓Diagnosis –is when the doctor finds or decides what is causing the
signs and symptoms i.e. the disease ordisorder

26. Diseases anddisorders
✓Prognosis –forecast of the outcome / recovery from the
disease
✓Morbidity –presence of illness ordisease
✓Mortality –death
✓Acute –beginning abruptly and usuallyintense
✓Chronic –refers to something lasting for a longtime
✓Terminal-will causedeath

27. Hints forpronouncing
Consonant Example
c (before a,o,u) =k Cavity,colon,cure
c(beforee,i)=s Cephalic,cirrhosis
ch =k cholesterol
g (before a, o, u) =g gallstone,gonad
g (before e, i ) =j generic,giant

28. Hints forpronouncing
Consonant Example
ph =f phase, pharnyx
pn =n pneumonia
ps =s psychiatry,psychology
pt =t ptosis,
rh,rrh rhythm,haemorrhoid

30. singular example plural example
-a vertebra -ae vertebrae
-ax thorax -aces thoraces
-is diagnosis-es diagnoses
-ix,-ex appendix -ices appendices
-um diverticulum-a diverticula
-us bronchus -i bronchi
-y ovary -ies ovaries
Singular &plural

32. Thanks for your attention•
28 November 1,2018