Medicinal and aromatic plants practical 1 18 bshorh041, kriti

idetification charachters, botanical names and their families and chromosome number and special uses. Immunity booster. Ayurveda. Essential oil.

1. PRACTICAL – 1

kriti singh | 18BSHORH041 | August 23, 2020
IDENTIFICATION OF
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC
PLANTS
SUBMITTED TO – MR. DEEPAK LALL & DR. S. S. SARVANAN

2. PAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
3. IDENTIFICATION OF AROMATIC PLANTS
4. CONCLUSION
PURPOSE :-
1. To know about common names, botanical names,
important varities, chromosome number and commercially
important parts of important medicinal and aromatic
plants.
2. To know about extracts obtained and special features of
these plants.
3. To get a hold on medicinal uses of these plants and oils
extracted from these plants.



INTRODUCTION
Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAPs) are botanical raw materials,
also known as herbal drugs, that are primarily used for therapeutic,

3. PAGE 2
aromatic and/or culinary purposes as components of cosmetics,
medicinal products, health foods and other natural health products.
They are also the starting materials for value-added processed
natural ingredients such as essential oils, dry and liquid extracts
and oleoresins. Of about 18000 plant species in India, about 1500 are
aromatic, producing essential oil in one or another plant organ, may
be root, leaves, flowers and sometimes bark or wood. In some cases,
whole plant is aromatic. They are so diverse in their aroma owing to
characteristic volatile oil constituents. It is practically
impossible to precisely describe an aroma. Predominance of one
or a few volatile constituents such as citronellal, geraniol makes them
so unique by imparting pleasing note to them. More than a hundred
aromatic oils are in global trade.
IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICINAL
PLANTS

COMMON
NAME
BOTANICAL
NAME
FAMILY 2n
no.
VARIETY ECONOMIC
PART
US
ES
Purple
foxglove
Digitalis purpurea Plantaginaceae 112 Apricot
Beauty,
Dusky maid,
Milk
chocolate,
Snow
Thimble
Flower spikes,
Leaves

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Opium poppy Papaver
someniferum
Papaveraceae 44 Latex, seed,
seed capsule

Quinine Cinchona
officinalis
Rubiaceae 34 Cinchona
robusta,
Cinchona
hybrida
Tree bark,
Belladona Atropa belladona Solanaceae 72 NA Roots, Leaves,
Fruits

Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae 32 Krishna
tulsi,
Vana Tulsi,
sweet basil
Whole plant
Periwinkle Catharanthus
roseus
Apocyanaceae 34 Apricot
delight,
Passion,
Blue pearl,
Parasol
Leaves, Stem,
Root

Sarpagandha Rauvolfia
serpentina
Apocyanaceae 18 R.S.1 Roots and
leaves

Ashoka Sarca ashoka Fabaceae 34 Polialthia
longifolia
Seed, Bark
and flower

Vach Acorus calamus Acroceae 24 NA Leaves,
Rhizomes

Vasaka Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 34 NA Leaves, root,
flower,bark

Bala Sida cordifolia Malvaceae 36 NA Root, Bark
and flower

Long pepper Piper longum Piperacaeae 24 Vellanikara,
Yercaud
Roots and
Dried spikes

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Amla Emblica
officinalis
Phyllanthaceae 98 Banarasi,
Chakia, NA
-4, NA-5,
NA-7, NA-
10
Fruit, Bark
and Leaves

Harde Terminalia
chebula
Combretaceae 18 Vijaya,
Knakavarna,
Mamsala,
Suksama,
Vindkya
Unripe and
Ripe fruits,
Bark and
Leaves

Behda Terminalia
bellerica
Combretaceae 98 NA Fruits
Atis Aconitum
hetrophyllum
Annonaceae 16 No variety
developed
Dried
tuberous roots

Madhunashini Gymnema
sylvestris
Apocynaceae 22 No
commercial
variety
Leaves
Bankakri Podophyllum
hexandrm
Podophyllacae 4 NA Rhizomes
Indian
valerian
Valerianawallichii Valerianaceae 32 Valeriana
officinalis,
Valenaria
dioica,
Valenaria
pyrenaica
Rhizomes
Kauch Macuna pruriens Fabaceae 22 No
registered
variety
Whole plant
Chiraita Swertia chirayita Genitinaceae 26 Swertia
chinensis,
Swertia
Whole plant

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cordata,
swertia
calcicola
Kalmegh Andrographis
paniculata
Acanthaceae 50 CIM-
Megha,

Leaves and
arial part of
plants
including
spikes

Mandookparni Centella asiatica Apiacae 18 Kayakirti Whole plant
Bramhi Bacopa monnieri Plantaginacae 64 Subodhak,
Pragyashakti
Whole plant
Satavary Asparagus
racemosus
Aspargaceae 40 JL- 962,

Roots and
Leaves

Giloy Tinosporia
cordifolia
Menispermaceae 22 Red
stemmed
and white
stemmed
variety
Whole plant
Guggal Commiphora
wightii
Burseraceae 26 Mahishaksh
a, padma,
mahanella,
kumuda,
hiranyaksha
Stem and bark
Safed musli Chlorophytum
borivillanum
Aspargaceae 16 RC -5, RC –
15, RC-20,
CTI-1, CTI-
2
Tubers
Ashwagandha Withania
somnifera
Solanaceae 48 Chetak,
Pratap,
Root

7. PAGE 6
Poshita,
Jawahar - 20
Aloe Aloe barbidensis Asphodelaceae 14 Lace aloe,
Spider aloe,
Cape aloe,
Stone aloe
Succulent
leaves

Senna Cassia
angustofolia
Fabaceae 28 KKM (Se)
1, ALFT –
2, Sona
Leaves and
pods

Isabgol Plantago ovata Plantaginaceae 8 Niharika,
Haryana
Isabgol 1-5,
EC –
124345, G1,
G2
Seeds and
husks



PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE AND SPECIAL
PROPERTIES AND USES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

CROP PROPAGATION
TECH
SPECIAL
PROPERTIES
USES
Purple
foxglove
Seeds, Division,
Cutting
Presence of cardiac
glycoside called
Digitoxin
Helps in
making drugs
to cure
Irregular heart
beat, Asthama,
headache,

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spasm and
tuberclosis
Opium poppy Seeds Sedative Morphine Cures anxiety,
hypertension.
Works as
analgesic and
antitussive
Quinine Seeds, Cutting,
Stooling,Layering,
Patch budding
Antimalarial
extract called
Quinine
Treatment of
Malaria
Belladonna Seeds, Division of
bulbs
Anti-cold extract
called Atropine
Treatment of
Parkinson’s
disease, colic
pain, bowel
disease, hay
fever,
whooping
cough and
motion sickness
Tulsi Seeds, Terminal
cuttings
Religious
significance in
Hindu religion
Cures asthma,
bronchitis,
arthritis, cold
and flu
Periwinkle Stem cuttings,
Seeds
Hypoglycemic and
Cytotoxic extract
called Vinca
alkaloid
Treatment of
Lukemia,
Hodgkin
disease,
malignant
lymphomas,
neuroblastoma,
Kaposi sarcoma

9. PAGE 8
and
hypertension
Sarpgandha Seeds, Stem
cuttings, Root
stumps, Root
cutting
Antihypertensive
and sedative extract
called Respirine
Cures HIGH
blood pressure
and Mental
illness.
Vach Rhizome cutting,
Seeds
Glycoside Asarone Removes
kidney stones
and treats
mental
problems
Vasaka Tender stem
cuttings, Root
cutting
Antipyretic extract
Quinazoline
Cures
bronchitis,
cold, cough and
asthama
Bala Seeds Ethanolic extract
called Ephedrine
Treats Fever,
asthma, weight
loss, chronic
bowel
movements and
neural disorders
Asoka Seeds, Cuttings Religious
significance,
Antioxidants
Treats
menorrhagia,
diabetes,
dyspepsia,
ulcers and urine
infections
Long pepper Stem/ vine
cutting, Terminal
stem cutting,
Antituberclosis
extract called
Piperine
Improves
appetite and
digestion.
Treats
stomachache,

10. PAGE 9
heartburn,
intestinal gas,
diarrhea and
cholera
Amla Seeds, Grafting,
Budding
Anti-oxidative and
Immunomodulatory
extract called
Ellagic Acid
Prevents
premature
aging, treats
diabetes, skin
disease and
respiratory
infections
Harde Seeds Presence of
Phenolic Acids, p-
coumaric acid and
Vanillic acid
Treats
vomiting,
bleeding piles,
ulcers, gout,
heart and
bladder disease
Behda Seeds Alcholic and
aqueous extract of
Dichloromethane
and Methanol
Manages
constipatin,
cough and cold
and weight
Atis Seeds, Budding,
Grafting, Air
layering
Theraputic
antibiotic and
antithyroidic agent
called Quercetin
Treats
diarrhoea,
dysentery and
urinary tract
infection
Madhunashini Seeds, Stem
cutting
Blood sugar
reducing agent and
laxative , diuretic
called GS4
Cures diabetes,
eye disease,
cough, dental
caries, obesity,
stomach

11. PAGE 10
aliments and
constipation
Bankakri Seeds, Rootstocks Biologically active
substances like
ethanol
Cures helmintic
problem and
cancer
Indian valerian Rhizome cutting,
Seeds, Rootstocks
Sedative and
antioxylic agent
called Valerian
Cures
Insomnia,
anxiety and
psycological
disorder
Kauch Seeds Dietary supplement
and memory
enhancer called
Mucunadine
Boosts
testorone level,
mood for
sexual desire
Chiraita Seeds Rectified spirit
called Ham
Treats fever,
constipation,
upset stomach,
intestinal worm
and skin
disease
Kalmegh Seeds, Cuttings Anti-inflammatory
and
Immunostimulant
extract called
Andrographolide
Treats cold,
fever, diabetes,
hypertension,
colic, influenza,
dyspepsia
Mandookparni Stem cuttings,
Rooted sukers,
Seeds
Madecassol extract
which is known for
its healing
properties and
accelerating
cicatrisation
Improves
intellect, low
apetite, fever,
skin disease,
swelling,
urinary disorder

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Bramhi Cutting, Seeds Extract called
Bacosides is a
potent nerve tonic
Treats
Alzheimer’s
disease,
memory loss,
anxiety and
attention deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
Satavary Seed, Root
divisions
Cough
relieving abilites of
Satavar
Treats diarrhea,
diuretic, ulcers
cough and
immune disease
Giloy Stem cutting,
Seeds
Blood purifier and
anti-prurtic
properties called
Gudichi Satva
Boosts
immunity,
digestion and
fights cough,
fever, stress,
anxiety and
arthritis
Guggal Seed, Stem
cutting
Oleo-gum resin
which purifies air
when burnt
Cures arthritis,
high
cholesterol,
acne and
obesity
Safed musli Seeds, Budding,
Cutting
Saponin extract is
obtained which
increases
aphrodisiac
Cures cancer,
impotency and
arthritis
Ashwagandha Seeds Withanolides is
obtained
Reduces blood
sugar level,
cortisol level
and depression

13. PAGE 12
Aloe Division Latex contains
Aloin
Heals burns,
digestive
problems, anal
fissures and
improves oral
hralth
Senna Seeds, Rhizome
cutting
Free
anthraquinones
called Rhein
Treats
constipation,
irritable bowel
movement,
hemorrhoids
and weight loss
Isabgol Seeds Psyllium fiber from
husks of seeds
Treats anal
fissures,
constipation,
diarrhea and
obesity

IMAGES :-





Figure 1. vach

14. PAGE 13

Figure 2. Vasaka

Figure 3. Tulsi

15. PAGE 14

Figure 4. Ashwagandha

Figure 5. Giloy Figure 6. Bramhi

16. PAGE 15
IDENTIFICATION OF AROMATIC
PLANTS

COMMON
NAME
SCIENTIFIC
NAME
FAMILY 2n no VARIETY ECONOMIC
PART
Lavender Lavandula
augustofolia
Lamiacae 100 Thumbelina
Leigh, Munstead
Flowers
Lemongrass Cymbopogon
flexuosus
Poaceae 20 C. flexuosus, C.
citratus, C.
pendulus
Leaves
Palmarosa Cymbopogon
martini
Poaceae 40 Burbon,
Reunion,
Algerian

Muskdana Abelmoschus
moscatus
Malvaceae 16 Seeds
Vetiver Vetiveria
zizanioides
Poaceae 20 Sugandha and
Nilambore
Roots
Tuberose Polianthus
tuberosa
Amaryllidaceae 60 Calcutta single,
Mexican single,
Semi-double,
pearl double,
Rajat Rekha,
Swarna Rekha
Flowers
Jasmine Jasminum
sambac
Oleaceae 26 J. grandifolium,
J. auriculatum, j.
odorotissi

Flowers

17. PAGE 16
Rose Rosa
damascena
Rosaceae 14 R. centifolia, R.
bourbonia, R.
indica
Flowers
Mint Mentha
arvensis
Lamiaceae 192 M. piperita, M.
spaciata, M.
citrate
Herbage
Patchouli Pogostemon
patchouli
Lamiaceae 64 Leaves
Geranium Pelargonium
graveolens
Pelargoniaceae 66 Burbon,
Reunion,
Algerian
Tender
Stem,
flowers and
young shoots
Rosemary Salvia
rosarinus
Lamiaceae 24 Flora rose,
Tuscan blue,
Holly hyde, Hill
hardy, Arp and
Albiflorus
Leaves
Citronella Cymbopogon
winterianus
Poaceae 40 Java -2 ,
Manjusha,
Mandakini, Bio-
13
Leaves and
stem
Davana Artemisia
pallens
Asteraceae 4 No commercial
variety
Leaves and
Flowers



PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE, SPECIAL CHARACTER
AND USES OF AROMATIC PLANTS

18. PAGE 17

CROP PROPAGATION SPECIAL
PROPERTIES
USES
Davana Seeds Delicate fragrance Essential oil,
cosmetics,
flavouring
bevrages,
confectionery,
tobacco and
perfumery
Lavender Semi hard wood
cutting
Extracts called as
Linalool and linayl
acid
Essential il is
antispectic and
antiplasmodic
Lemongrass Division of roots Lemon scented
extracts from leaves
Flavouring agent,
Vitamin synthesis
and Synthetic
violets
Muskdana
Seeds
Seeds are flavourful
and act as a
substitute of musk
Treatment of
dyspepsia, urinary
discharge,
gonorrhea and
leucoderma
Geranium Stem cutting and
root suckers
Flower rich in
Geraniol

Patchouli Shoot tip cutting Long lasting
FRAGRANCE
because it acts as
fixative
Dried leaves used in
perfumery, base for
perfumes, Insect
repellant, Food
flavouring agent
Mint Cutting, seeds, Essential oil
contains Menthol,
Pharmaceutical
industry, food

19. PAGE 18
carvone, linalyl
acetate and linalool
flavouring agent,
cosmetics,
bevrages, Chewing
gum and tootpaste
industry
Rose Cutting, grafting
and Seeds
Religious
significance, colour,
fragrance
Essential oil, Rose
attar, gulkand, gul
roghan, otto rose
and incense stick
industry
Jasmine Stem cutting Export oriented crop
and used as spice
also
Essential oil,
perfumery, incense
sticks, cosmetics
and flavoring agent
Tuberose Bulbs Highly valued
natural scent is
obtained
Essential oil,
perfume, flavoring
agents
Vetiver Root cuttings Act as a fixative in
perfumery industry
Volatile oil
obtained from
roots, act as a soil
binding crop, mats
fans, door screens
industry
Citronella
Stem cuttings
Oil ingredients
citronellal,
citronellol and
geraniol
Soap and Cosmetic
industry,
Pharmaceutical
industry,
perfumery,
cosmetics and
flavoring agent

20. PAGE 19
Rosemary Stem cuttings Rosamaniric acid Insecticide
industryand bakery
and essential oil

IMAGES :-

Figure 1. Patchouli
Figure 2. Rosemary

21. PAGE 20
Figure 3. Lavender

22. PAGE 21

Figure 4. Jasmine

Figure 5. Rose

23. PAGE 22
CONCLUSION
Some of the medicinal and aromatic plants are incredibly beautiful
and some are not commonly found. Their intrinsic value to the
health & well-being of human beings and animals has also been
well established over the years. At the same time, not many of us
are fully aware of the usefulness and medicinal value of most of
these plants.
This exercise is an attempt to get hold on some important
medicinal and aromatic plants.

Refrences:-
1. www.ncbi.org.in
2. www.nhb.in
3. www.ayush.org.in
4. www.plantlive.in
5. www.tnau.agriportal.com
6. www.ekrishilive.in