Membrane Class ppt for cell biology and biotechnology

Membrane classes ppt

1. Advanced Topics in Membrane Separation and
Electrophoresis
Class 1 to 4
Dr. Sandeep Kale
Bioprocessing Group
DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai
of University Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, India

2. ‘Effective’ Isolation and Purification of Bioproducts
1. Solid-Liquid Extraction
Supercritical fluid extraction
Pressurized liquid extraction
Microwave assisted extraction
Ultrasound assisted extraction
2. Liquid-Liquid Extraction
e.g. Centrifugal Extractors
Adsorptive chromatographic separations
Packed bed
Fluidized bed
Actual moving bed (FMB/LSCFB)
Simulated moving bed (SMB)
Flash Chromatography
Centrifugal chromatography
Membrane based separations
e.g. NF, UF, MF
Effectively Integrated isolation and purification techniques
Other isolation & purification techniques (e.g. Crystallization, Distillation,

4. •Definition: A membrane is a thin barrier which allows selective
passage of different species through it.
•This selectivity is utilized for separation.
•The selectivity is due to:
1.Size
2.Shape
3.Electrostatic charge
4.Diffusivity
5.Physicochemical interactions (affinity/ion exchange membranes)
6.Volatility (Pervaporation)
7.Polarity/solubility (Pervaporation, SLM, LEM)
Membrane separation processes: Introduction

6. Membrane Separation: TFF -UF, MF, NF
•Isolation biopolymers (proteins)
•Removal of proteins or polymeric
mass from small bioproducts
•Desalting
•Concentration of biopolymers or
small mol. Wt. bioproducts
•Recovery of enzymes during
biotransformation, for recycle
•Integration with adsorptive
separation

8. Classification of membrane processes based on pore sizeConventional
filtration
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration
Reverse
osmosis
10
-10
10
-9
10
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
Pore size (m)
Ionic range Micron
range
Coarse
particle range
Macromolecular
range
Fine particle
range

9. Osmosis Vs Reverse osmosis

10. Processing

12. •Product concentration, i.e. removal of solvent from solute/s
•Clarification, i.e. removal of particles from fluids, a special
case being sterilization which refers to removal of
microorganisms from fluids
•Removal of solute from solvent, e.g. desalting, desalination,
demineralization, dialysis
•Fractionation, i.e. separation of one solute from another
•Gas separation, i.e. separation of one gas from another
•Pervaporation, i.e. removal of volatiles from non volatiles
(usually solvents)
Membrane separation processes: Applications

13. Driving force in membrane processes
•Transmembrane pressure (TMP)
•Concentration gradient
•Chemical potential
•Osmotic pressure
•Electric field
•Magnetic field
•Partial pressure
•pH gradient

14. Membrane processes primarilybased on species size
•Microfiltration (MF)
–Micron sized pores
–Mainly used for particle-fluid separation
–TMP: 1 to 50 psig
•Ultrafiltration (UF)
–Pores: 10 –1000 angstroms
–Used for: Concentration, desalting, clarification and fractionation
–TMP: 10 –100 psig
•Nanofiltration (NF)
–TMP: 40 –200 psig
•Reverse osmosis (RO)
–TMP: 200 –300 psig
•Dialysis
–Concentration gradient driven
–Selectivity based indirectly on size

15. Membrane processes based on principles other than
species size
•Pervaporation (PV)
–Driven by partial pressure
–Selectivity depends on volatility and solubility of species in
membrane
•Gas separation
–Driven by partial pressure
–Selectivity depends on solubility of species in membrane
•Electrodialysis (ED)
–Driven by electric field
–Selectivity depends of charge exclusion

16. Membrane material
Organic polymers
•Polysulfone (PS)
•Polyethersulfone (PES)
•Cellulose acetate (CA)
•Regenerated cellulose
•Polyamides (PA)
•Polyvinylidedefluoride
(PVDF)
•Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Inorganics
•-alumina
•-alumina
•Borosilicate glass
•Pyrolyzed carbon
•Zirconia/stainless steel
•Zirconia carbon

17. Membrane structure and morphology
•Symmetrical
•Asymmetrical

18. Membrane preparation
•Polymer casting
–Precipitation from vapour phase
–Precipitation by evaporation
–Immersion precipitation
–Thermal precipitation
•Other methods
–Stretching
–Sintering
–Slip casting
–Leaching
–Track etching