Memory

the memory is the power of Human being. what is memory and its orientation is given in this presentation.

1. MEMORY MR. KULTHE VIKRANT RATNAKAR M Sc NURSING

2. INTRODUCTION The momory was the first phenomenon to be studied in a psychological laboratory(Ebbinghaus 1864). Memory is the encoding ,storage and retrieval of information. The memorising process are organised in the form of memory traces which functions like a computer.

3. ENCODING : “ Is the process of receiving sensory input and transforming it in to a code that can be stored.” STORAGE: “ Is the process of actually putting the coded, stored information in to memory.” RETRIEVAL: “ Is process of gaining to the encoded,stored information when it is to be used.”

4. DEFINITION: “The power to store experience and to bring them into the field of consciousness sometimes after the experience has occurred is called Memory.”

5. TYPES OF MEMORY SENSORY MEMORY . SHORT TERM MEMORY. LONG TERM MEMORY.

6. A) SENSORY MEMORY The stores incoming information in a sensory register which has large capacity. In formation in sensory register lasts for s very short duration ranging from fraction of second to a few seconds.

7. 1) ICONIC MEMORY : The iconic memory is the form of sensory memory that holds visual information for almost quarter of second or more. 2) ECHOIC MEMORY: it is a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimulus; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds.

8. FUNCTIONS OF SENSORY MEMORY: Gives the decision time. Provide stability, playback and recognition.

9. B) SHORT TERM MEMORY Short term memory holds a relatively small amount of information about seven items for a short period of 15-30 seconds . The types of information stored consists of sounds, images, wourds or sentence. Information from Short term memory may be transferred to long term memory through either maintenance rehearsal.

10. REHEARSAL NOT GIVEN NOT CODED WHILE IN STM ATTENTION INCOMING INFORMATION LONG –TERM MEMORY SUCCESFULLY CODED FOR STORAGE IN LONG TERM MEOMRY FORGOTTEN FORGOTTEN SHORT TERM MEMORY

11. C) LONG TERM MEMORY The long term memory has the unlimited capacity to store information for days, months, years and even a life time. Information may be lost or , at least not retrieved from long term memory because of difficulties in the search process or interference by other long term memories.

12. TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY Episodic memory Semantic memory a) EPISODIC MEMORY: IS the memory related to our personal affairs like NAME, QUALIFICATION, DATE OF BIRTH AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCE . It is record of what has happened with us.

13. SEMANTIC MEMORY Its comprises our knowledge and information related to world. Example : erth is around and goes around the sun. A semantic memory is not easily forgotten as the information Is stored highly organized way, in logical hierarchies from general to specific ones.

14. FACTOR AFFECTING THE MEMORY Age Intelligence Motivation Physical factors such as cold, fatigue Stress Meaningful material Interference from previous learning.