Meningitis

inflammation about the meningeal layer of the brain.

1. meningitis Presented by- mohit Kumar meena b.sc( nsg .) 3 rd year bmchrc college of nursing

2. introduction Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord known as meninges . The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be life threatening therefore the condition is classified as a medical emergency.

3. definition Meningitis is the acute inflammation of the protective membrane (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord.

4. meninges Meninges is the protective membrane of the brain and spinal cord, it is lying between skull and the brain. It has 3 layers A. Dura meter (it is made up by 2 layers ) periosteal layer (outer layer) Meningeal layer (inner layer) B. Arachenoid meter C. Pia meter The dura meter and arachenoid meter are seprated by a potential space,the subdural space. The arachenoid meter and pia meter are seprated by the subarachnoid space ,containing cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).

5. incidence Over 1.2 million cases of meningitis are estimated to occur worldwide each year. Sub-Saharan African region is known as the “meningitis belt”. Incidence rate in sub-Saharan 10-100 cases per 100,000 population.

6. Meningitis belt epidemic zones sporadic cases only

7. cAUSES Bacterial infection Viral infection Physical injury Cancer Drugs(mainly NSAID’S)

8. TYPES According to infection mainly 2 types of meningitis will be seen Bacterial viral

9. BACTERIAL Bacterial meningitis is usually preceded by a mild upper respiratory tract infection during which a few bact. Enter the bloodstream and are carried to the meningitis.common microbes include:- Haemophilus influenzae in children between the ages of 2-5 yr. Neisseria meningitidis in those between 5-30 yr,the most common type. Streptococcus pneumoniae in people over 30 yr.

10. viral This is the most common form of meningitis,it is milder and occur more then bacterial meningitis. It affect children and adults under age 30.most infections occur in children under age 5 yr. Duration of illness:- 7-10 days Common viruses are followed Entrovirus

11. Cont … Arboviral(mosquito borne disease) Herpes simplex virus type 2(especially in infants) Varicella zoster Hiv Mumps Measles

12. pathophysiology Due to etiological factor

13. Sign & symptom

14. Diagnostic evaluation Csf Examination for cell count,glucose and protein Blood culture Lumbar puncture for CSF examination CT scan of the head Blood cell count Chest X-ray ECG & EEG Gram staining