menopause.pptx ..Introduction , Causes , Sign & symptoms and treatment

Menopause , its causes and treatment

1. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS BY :  QURAT UL AIN

2. HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY     HRT is a safe and effective treatment for most going through menopause. HRT involves using oestrogen to replace your body's own levels around the time of the menopause. Oestrogen comes as: skin patches a gel or spray to put on the skin implants tablets If you have a womb (uterus) you also need to take progesterone to protect your womb lining from the effects of oestrogen . Taking oestrogen and progesterone is called combined HRT.

3. OESTROGEN FOR VAGINAL DRYNESS AND DISCOMFORT Your vagina may become dry, painful or itchy as a result of the menopause and perimenopause. A GP can prescribe oestrogen treatments you can insert into your vagina, as a tablet, cream or ring. This can also improve any urinary symptoms caused by menopause and perimenopause, like discomfort when you pee.

4. TESTOSTERONE GEL FOR REDUCED SEX DRIVE If HRT does not help restore your sex drive, you might be offered a testosterone gel or cream. It can help improve sex drive, mood and energy levels. Testosterone is produced by the ovaries and your levels usually get lower with age. It's not currently licenced for use in women, although it can be prescribed after the menopause by a specialist doctor if they think it might help restore your sex drive.

5. HRT Benefits of HRT it can help relieve most menopause and perimenopause symptoms, including hot flushes, brain fog, joint pains, mood swings and vaginal dryness. Taking HRT can also reduce your risk of hormone-related health problems including osteoporosis and heart disease. Risks of HRT Absolute risks for HT use can include thrombosis, stroke and cardiovascular events. HT initiation in older woman carries greater risk. Breast cancer risk increases with EPT beyond 3-5 years.

6. ALTERNATIVES TO HORMONE THERAPY NON-HORMONAL MEDICINES Hot flushes and night sweats There are some medicines that can help with hot flushes and night sweats. These include: a blood pressure medicine called Clonidine an epilepsy medicine called Gabapentin Mood symptoms Antidepressants can help with mood symptoms if you've been diagnosed with depression or anxiety.

7. CON'T Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy which can help with: low mood and anxiety caused by menopause and perimenopause some physical symptoms like hot flushes and joint pain Complementary and alternative therapies Soya isoflavones Traditional Chinese Medicines Herbs

8. CON'T OVER THE COUNTER HORMONES (Dietary Supplements) Topical Progesterone Melatonin

9. PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS EXERCISE Classified into: Weight-bearing exercise Low impact weight-bearing activity such as walking, Tai Chi, and yoga. High impact weight-bearing activity such as jogging and vibration platforms. Resistance and Strength Training Exercise Examples include weight lifting, swimming, cycling. Physical activity and exercise have been shown to have reduce the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease depression and obesity.

10. CON'T URINARY INCONTINENCE:   Urinary incontinence also known as overactive bladder is one of the most common effect of menopause. Physiotherapy treatment includes pelvic floor exercises that aims at strengthening the pelvic muscles to reduce the urinary frequency or urgency. OSTEOPOROSIS & BONE DENSITY:  During menopause bones become brittle and weak with loss of tissue due to the hormonal changes in the body. Physiotherapy helps with exercises such as resistance training, weight training which will help strengthen the bone, in turn, increasing the bone density and help cope with the load.

11. CON'T OBESITY, INSOMNIA AND HOT FLASHES: Physiotherapy plays an important role in treating obesity, insomnia and hot flashes. A physiotherapy session includes aerobic exercises, stretches and therapeutic massages to control these symptoms and also improve quality of sleep. A combination of high-intensity interval training and weight training in case of obesity will aid with weight reduction. MUSCLE, JOINT PAINS AND ACHES: Muscle, Joint pains and aches: Physiotherapy offers specific exercises which aim at improving the muscle strength and control around the joints. This results in decreased load on the joints which in turn helps in reducing the pain. A physiotherapist after a comprehensive assessment can prescribe specific exercises aimed at strengthening and muscle relaxation.

12. CON'T CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Regular and gradual aerobic exercise programs can improve cardiorespiratory endurance and decrease the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Some research suggests that exercise increases levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), decreases low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and controls hypertension, which in turn improves cardiovascular health. DEPRESSION: Exercise therapy has the ability to relieve some symptoms in persons with depression when compared to participants without clinical depressive symptoms.

13. CON'T Aquatic Therapy Exercise in the water allows for a reduction of stress on muscles and joints. Aquatic therapy could be a good alternative for women who experience pain due to stress on joints. Benefits of Aquatic Therapy The Bouncy effect protects joints from the stress of exercise that in turn relieves joint pain from conditions like arthritis. Improves general blood circulation and reduces swelling. Provides a comfortable environment for strengthening exercise programs Improves cardiorespiratory capacity and endurance. Can help to improve balance.

14. CON'T LIFE STYLE CHANGES: Try relaxation training Eat a healthy diet Get regular exercise Avoid hot flush triggers ( e.g caffeine , alcohol) Keep cool Dress in layers Sleep in cool room Consume cold drinks