menstrual cycle

menstruation

1. Menstrual Cycle By: HARITH RIYADH

2. D e finition Monthly cycle of changes that occur in female body, associated with ovulation and the discharge of blood Take about 28 day for each cycle Certain cases may be more or less than 28 days

3. Hormone control menstrual cycle

4. P r o g e s t e r on e P r o g e s t e r on e is som e tim e s c alle d the “ Hormon e of Pregnancy “ If the egg is fertilized (Pregnancy occurs), the Corpus Luteum will begin receiving hCG from the embryo. hCG tells the Corpus Luteum to keep producing Progesterone. If pregnancy does not occur, Progesterone levels will decrease, leading to Menstruation. Normal Menstrual Bleeding is Progesterone-withdrawal Bleeding

5. Normal Menstruation 35 21- day cycle 2-8 days of flow Menstrual Variations No flow Little flow Irregular Too much flow Blood loss per cycle averages 30 mL (normal range, 13 to 80 mL) and is usually greatest on the 2nd day

6. Menstrual Cycle: Egg Maturation, and Endometrial Growth Figure 26-13: The menstrual cycle Follicular phase Egg matures Ovulation Egg released Luteal phase Corpus luteum Endometrium Prepare for blastocyst No Pregnancy Menses

7. Three Stage Of Menstrual Cycle Menstruation stage (1 st day to day 5 th ) Follicle development stage (from end of menstruation to ovulation 6 th to 14 th day) Corpus luteum stage (from ovulation to the beginning menstruation, 15 th day to 28 th day)

8. Menstrual Problems Painful Periods Cramping Nausea Vomiting Heavy Periods Anaemia due to loss of iron

9. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Breast discomfort Bloating Mood swings Food craving No Period Pregnancy Medical condition

10. Treating Menstrual Problems Medication Exercise Proper Diet

11. MENSTRUAL DISORDERS Amenorrhea Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Primary Amenorrhea Primary Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation in a woman by the age of 16. Secondary Amenorrhea Secondary Amenorrhea is where an established menstruation has ceased—for 3 months in a woman with a history of regular cyclic bleeding, or 9 months in a woman with a history of irregular periods

12. Menorrhagia/Hypermenorrhea Men o rrhagia is an un u suall y he a vy and p r olon g e d menstrual period at regular intervals. A blood loss of greater than 80 ml or lasting longer than 7 days constitutes menorrhagia Hypomenorrhea Hypomenorrhea is extremely light menstrual blood flow (scanty periods).

13. Metrorrhagia Metrorrhagia is uterine bleeding at frequent, irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods. Menometrorrhagia Menometrorrhagia is a condition in which prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal. Polymenorrhea Polymenorrhea is the medical term for cycles with intervals of 21 days or fewer. Oligomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea is infrequent (or very light) menstruation. More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days

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