Mental health aid.pptx wellness presentation

Power point presentation

1. Mental Health and Psychological First aid

2. What is mental health first aid? Mental health first aid is the help you give to someone developing a mental health problem, experiencing a worsening of a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. You can give this first aid until the person has received appropriate professional treatment or the crisis is resolved. Mental health first aid can help people who are experiencing: Depression and mood disorders Anxiety disorders Trauma Psychosis Substance Use disorders

3. Mental Health Problems in India Depression - The early signs of depression are constant sadness for a prolonged period (over two weeks is major depressive disorder), loss of interest in personal and social activities, low self-worth and disturbed sleep - each of these can harm office and schoolwork. For a depressed person, every day is a fight for survival. If depression progresses and becomes severe - suicidal thoughts may set in. Bipolar mood disorder - Sudden changes in mood, irritation, loud speech, increased activity and decreased sleeping time are few signs of bipolar mood disorder to watch out for. Anxiety disorder - To be sure, anxiety is a normal emotion in situations that provoke fear or excitement. But when the frequency and severity of anxious episodes spikes, this may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. People living with an anxiety disorder may feel irrational restlessness, irritability, anger issues, and difficulty in concentrating and sleeping. Schizophrenia - Schizophrenia is a deteriorated mental condition in which a person feels or sees things that do not exist in reality - a kind of psychosis. Often, a schizophrenic person shows emotional as well as behavioural imbalance - laughing without a reason and mumbling, Eating disorders - Eating disorders have strong psychological associations - if they are not controlled early, they may become life-threatening. Both eating too little or too much come under this disorder. People with an eating disorder may constantly feel distressed or depressed or excessively concerned about their body shape and weight. Anorexia nervosa (self-starvation), bulimia nervosa (binge eating followed by purging or vomiting, and then a period of starvation and excessive physical activity) or binge eating disorder are a few examples of eating disorders.

4. The Mental Health First Aid Action Plan Mental health first aid involves a five-step plan to effectively help someone who is experiencing any type of mental health crisis, including a panic attack or suicidal thoughts. Commonly referred to as the mnemonic ALGEE, this action plan requires a first aider to: Assess for risk of suicide or bodily harm Listen in a non-judgmental way Give reassurance and information Encourage appropriate professional help Encourage self-help and other support strategies This five-step approach can be used to assist someone who’s experiencing a mental health crisis due to a behavioral disorder, like depression or addiction, or an acute crisis related to trauma, self-injury or psychosis.

5. ALGEE: The action plan Physical first aid has the  ABC  plan: Airways, Breathing, CPR. This is a simple and memorable list of steps. In a crisis situation, you need something simple to refer to instead of complex instructions. MHFA developed a similar plan:  ALGEE Approach  and assess for risk of harm or even suicide. Listen  non-judgementally. Give  support and information. Encourage  appropriate professional help. Encourage  other forms of support. The role of a mental health first aider is very similar to physical first aid. You’re not expected to diagnose or treat any issues, just keep someone safe and help them receive professional support. You can save lives!

6. Approach If you spot signs of mental health issues, the best thing to do is approach that person directly. Doing this well is not always easy. Is it the right time or place? Consider the most comfortable environment to raise your concerns. A public place might be less intimidating than an office. Be mindful of personal space . Different people have different levels of comfort opening up. Respect their privacy unless you think there is a risk of harm to self or others. Start an open conversation, without judgement. This gives the other person a chance to express their own concerns without having to fit your perception. For example:  “I’ve noticed that you’ve been working late recently and wondered how you are?”

7. Assess for signs of a crisis With physical first aid, you first need to check for the most serious and life-threatening issues. If someone isn’t breathing, there is little reason checking for broken bones or bleeding. The same is true for mental first aid. It’s important to check for the warning signs of the most serious mental health issues. Learn to watch for warning signs of suicide,   it is a potential outcome of several mental health illnesses. Noticeable signs include: excessive sadness, hopelessness, a sudden calmness, withdrawal, or making preparations. Look for signs of self-harm,  not just cutting but potentially dangerous behaviour , such as reckless driving, engaging in unsafe sex, and increased use of drugs and/or alcohol. It’s worth noting that self-harm is rarely a suicide attempt, the risk of death is mostly accidental. Look for signs of a panic attack.  They can feel similar to a heart attack. Panic attacks can also have physical symptoms, including shaking, feeling disorientated, nausea, rapid, irregular heartbeats, dry mouth, breathlessness, sweating and dizziness. Look for signs of an eating disorder.  Anorexia has the highest morality rate of any psychiatric disorder. These issues are statistically more common than you think, in many cases these aren’t officially diagnosed, especially with men. However, don’t discount more common issue like  anxiety  or  depression,  these can definitely feel like a crisis to the person suffering, even you can’t see the symptoms as clearly.

8. Listen The key to non-judgemental listening is that you: Hear and understand exactly what’s being said. Allow the person to speak freely and comfortably without feeling judged. Tips for non-judgemental listening Set aside any judgement or preconceptions you hold. Listen without interrupting. Ask appropriate clarifying questions. Reflect back what the person has said. Use minimal prompts (“ Mmm ”, “Ah”, etc.). Silence can be supportive, avoid the temptation to fill the silences. Open body language. Comfortable eye contact. Don’t be critical, argue, or get frustrated. Don’t offer glib advice (e.g. “Cheer up”). It’s helpful to draw on previous experiences so that person does not feel alone and their issues are common. However,  don’t  take over the conversation and make it about you. Avoid confrontation unless necessary in a crisis. Remember, you can acknowledge emotional experience without agreeing with actions you find concerning.

9. Give support and information Treat the person with respect and dignity. Don’t blame them for their difficulties. Mental health issues are real and they are coping the best they can. Have realistic expectations. Any change takes time and it doesn’t mean they are not weak or lazy. Offer consistent emotional support and understanding. Give hope for recovery. There are many effective treatments available. Give practical help, but don’t try to take over and solve all their problems. Instead support new coping strategies. Find  high quality  information relevant to their condition.

10. Encourage appropriate professional help Getting professional help is very difficult but a vital step in mental health recovery. Help that person make the decision. Discuss a wide range of options: Family Doctor Counsellors. Psychologists. Psychiatrists. What if a person doesn’t want help? Explore the reasons why. It can be due to costs, fears, or a negative experience. Tell the person you’ll support them if they change their mind. Respect the person’s right not to seek help, unless they are a risk to themselves or others. If a person is very unwell, seek help on their behalf. Try and involve them as much as possible.

11. Encourage other forms of support Family and friends can play key roles and can help by listening, encouraging and providing practical emotion support. Self-helper strategy can help and also give people a sense of regaining control of their lives and doing something positive. There are many books, leaflets, groups, websites or apps. Complementary therapies such as mindfulness, massage therapy, yoga, relaxation strategies, nutrition, exercise, creativity, avoiding alcohol/drugs.

12. Understanding Depression and Anxiety Disorder The terms depression and anxiety are often used in the same sentence as conditions that frequently occur together in the same person. While the two are separate mental health conditions, they have some overlapping characteristics. And one person can suffer from both at the same time. Understanding these two common mental health conditions is important in recognizing, treating, managing, and supporting you or someone you love who suffers from depression and/or anxiety.

13. What Is Depression? Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest . What Is Anxiety? A mental health disorder characterised by feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities. Examples of anxiety disorders include panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Symptoms include stress that's out of proportion to the impact of the event, inability to set aside a worry and restlessness. Treatment includes counselling or medication, including antidepressants.

14. The Difference Between Anxiety and Depression The  National Alliance on Mental Illness  (NAMI) reports that 60% of people with anxiety also have depression. Recent research published in JAMA Psychiatry revealed that people with depression and anxiety both have the same abnormally low levels of activity in the areas of the brain that help regulate emotional and cognitive control. But, while there are some shared symptoms, such as sleep problems, trouble concentrating and fatigue, the two conditions are distinct. “People with depression move slowly, and their reactions can seem flattened or dulled. People with anxiety tend to be more keyed up, as they struggle to manage their racing thoughts,” according to  Psycom . “Depressed people who do not have anxiety are less likely to be fraught with worry about future events, as they are often resigned to believing that things will continue to be bad. In other words, they may predict the future based on how they feel in the moment.”

15. Crisis first aid for Suicidal behaviour & depressive symptoms Mental health first aid can be used to help anyone who is experiencing a crisis, regardless of whether they have a mental health condition. With training, a mental health first aider can respond appropriately to crises that involve: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors , Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Non-suicidal self-injury, Panic attacks, Adults affected by traumatic events, Children affected by traumatic events, Acute psychosis, Medical emergency from alcohol abuse, Aggressive behaviour Mental health first aid involves a five-step plan to effectively help someone who is experiencing any type of mental health crisis, including a panic attack or suicidal thoughts. Commonly referred to as the mnemonic ALGEE, this action plan requires a first aider to: Assess for risk of suicide or bodily harm Listen in a nonjudgmental way Give reassurance and information Encourage appropriate professional help Encourage self-help and other support strategies This five-step approach can be used to assist someone who’s experiencing a mental health crisis due to a behavioral disorder, like depression or addiction, or an acute crisis related to trauma, self-injury or psychosis.

16. What is Non suicidal self injury? Patients often injure themselves repeatedly in a single session, creating multiple lesions in the same location, typically in areas that are easily hidden but accessible ( eg , forearms, front of thighs). The behavior is often repeated, resulting in extensive patterns of scarring. Patients are often preoccupied with thoughts about the injurious acts. The most common examples of nonsuicidal self-injury include Cutting or stabbing the skin with a sharp object ( eg , knife, razor blade, needle) Burning the skin (typically with a cigarette) The motivations for nonsuicidal self-injury are unclear, but self-injury may be A way to reduce tension or negative feelings A way to resolve interpersonal difficulties Self-punishment for perceived faults A plea for help Some patients view the self-injury as a positive activity and thus tend not to seek or accept counselling. Nonsuicidal self-injury is often accompanied by other disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, eating disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders, and autism.

17. Non crisis first aid for Depression and Anxiety To provide this kind of first aid, a person must be familiar with the forms and signs of self-injury and be prepared to talk openly about self-harm. In either of these situations, if the person has a deadly weapon or threatens to harm themselves or others, a first aider should call Emergency No. immediately instead of attempting first aid. If the individual is not experiencing a crisis related to suicidal behaviors or non-suicidal self-harm, the first aider can start a private conversation in which they can express their concerns and offer help. Listen Non-Judgmentally - If the person is not in a crisis that needs immediate medical attention, then the first aider can approach the individual privately and engage in a conversation to understand more about their situation. This step can help a person who faces depression realize that they can talk openly about their illness without fear of judgment. This candid conversation can be the first step toward the individual reaching out for professional help. Give Reassurance and Information - One of the most important parts of a mental health first aider’s work is showing compassion. To offer reassurance to someone who struggles with depression, a first aider should: Not blame the person for their depression:  Mental illness is never a person’s fault and does not stem from a moral failure or personal weakness.   Offer consistent emotional support and understanding:  Be patient as they talk, persistent with encouragement and offer kindness and attention, even if it’s not reciprocated. Give the person hope for recovery: Explain that with time and proper treatment, they can begin to feel better. 3. Encourage Appropriate Professional Help  - Depression is a serious mental illness that deserves comprehensive treatment. Professional care for depression is warranted if someone has struggled with depression for at least two weeks and it has severely disrupted their daily functioning.

18. Crisis First aid for Panic Attacks, Traumatic events Reassure them; they may be unable to explain what has caused them to panic and do not pressure them to do this, your calm presence should help. Speak to them in positive, supportive terms – “You will be okay, this will pass in a minute” etc. Remove them from anything obviously causing distress. Encourage them to focus on their breathing and breathe calmly and slowly, in and out through their nose and out of their mouth, to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being lost. Small sips of water may help to calm them. Stamp on the spot .  Some people find this helps control their breathing. Try grounding techniques.  Grounding techniques can help someone feel more in control. They are especially useful if experiencing dissociation (a feeling of disconnect or flashbacks) during panic attacks. Encourage them to concentrate on sounds around them Walk barefoot Wrap them in a blanket  Touching something or sniffing something with a strong smell. Focus on the sensations right now. Some people keep a box of things with different textures and smells (for example perfume, a blanket and some smooth stones) ready for when they need it. If symptoms get worse, get medical help.

19. Understanding disorder in which psychosis may Occur Psychosis is a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality. You might see, hear, or believe things that aren’t real. Psychosis is a symptom, not an illness. It can be triggered by a mental illness, a physical injury or illness, substance abuse, or extreme stress or trauma. Symptoms of Psychosis – Warning signs before psychosis:  It starts with gradual changes in the way you think about and understand the world. You or your family members may notice: A drop in grades or job performance Trouble thinking clearly or concentrating Suspiciousness or unease around others Lack of self-care or hygiene Spending more time alone than usual Stronger emotions than situations call for No emotions at all

20. Signs of early psychosis:  You may: Hear, see, or taste things others don’t Hang on to unusual beliefs or thoughts, no matter what others say Pull away from family and friends Stop taking care of yourself Not be able to think clearly or pay attention Symptoms of a psychotic episode:  Usually you’ll notice all of the above plus: Hallucinations : Auditory hallucinations : Hearing voices when no one is around Tactile hallucinations: Strange sensations or feelings you can’t explain Visual  hallucinations : You see people or things that aren’t there, or you think the shape of things looks wrong Delusions :  Beliefs that aren’t in line with your culture and that don’t make sense to others, like: Outside forces are in control of your feelings and actions. Small events or comments have huge meaning. You have special powers, are on a special mission, or actually are a god.

21. Causes of Psychosis Doctors don’t know exactly what causes psychosis, but some known risk factors include: Genetics:  You can have the genes for it, but that doesn’t always mean you’ll get psychosis. Drugs:  Triggers include some prescription  medications  and abuse of  alcohol  or drugs like marijuana, LSD, and  amphetamines . Trauma:  The death of a loved one, a sexual assault, or war can lead to psychosis. The type of trauma and the age you were when it happened also play a role. Injuries and illnesses:  Traumatic brain injuries,  brain tumors , strokes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease,  dementia , and  HIV  can all bring on psychosis. Psychosis can also be a symptom of a  mental illness , like schizophrenia or  bipolar disorder .

22. What are the most common causes of psychosis? Schizoaffective disorder:  This disorder is similar to schizophrenia but includes periods of mood disturbances. Brief psychotic disorder:  Symptoms occur in response to a stressful life event, last less than 1 month, and do not return. Delusional disorder:  The person strongly believes in something irrational and often bizarre with no factual basis. Bipolar psychosis:  Some people with bipolar disorder experience psychosis during a very high or very low mood. Severe depression:  Also known as major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Postpartum (postnatal) psychosis:  This type of psychosis can present after giving birth. Substance-induced psychosis:  The misuse of alcohol, some recreational drugs, and certain prescription drugs can cause this.

23. Crisis first aid for Acute Psychosis Acute Symptoms - hallucinations and delusions Some examples of hallucinations include: Seeing things or people not there Hearing sounds or voices that aren’t there Perceiving unexplainable sensations, smells and tastes Hearing thoughts spoken aloud Hearing a running commentary on their actions Hearing a voice telling them commands or berating them Examples of delusions include: Thoughts of grandeur, or falsely believing that they have special powers or missions Paranoid delusions that they are being watched or someone is trying to control them Delusional beliefs that others can control their body or mind Out of the norm or extreme behavior

24. How to Provide Mental Health First Aid for Acute Psychosis It can be scary to witness someone you know and love experiencing acute psychosis, but there is a 5-step action plan that can help you provide mental health first aid for psychosis. It can be remembered with the mnemonic device “ALGEE.” A ssess for risk of suicide or harm L isten non-judgmentally G ive reassurance and information E ncourage appropriate professional help E ncourage self-help and other support strategies Remembering these steps can help you diffuse the situation, help the person get needed treatment and keep them calm while help is on the way

25. Understanding Substance use disorder Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medicine. Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are considered drugs. Drug addiction can start with experimental use of a recreational drug in social situations, and, for some people, the drug use becomes more frequent. For others, particularly with opioids, drug addiction begins when they take prescribed medicines or receive them from others who have prescriptions. The risk of addiction and how fast you become addicted varies by drug. Some drugs, such as opioid painkillers, have a higher risk and cause addiction more quickly than others. As time passes, you may need larger doses of the drug to get high. Soon you may need the drug just to feel good. As your drug use increases, you may find that it's increasingly difficult to go without the drug. Attempts to stop drug use may cause intense cravings and make you feel physically ill. These are called withdrawal symptoms.

26. Symptoms Feeling that you have to use the drug regularly — daily or even several times a day Having intense urges for the drug that block out any other thoughts Over time, needing more of the drug to get the same effect Taking larger amounts of the drug over a longer period of time than you intended Making certain that you maintain a supply of the drug Spending money on the drug, even though you can't afford it Not meeting obligations and work responsibilities, or cutting back on social or recreational activities because of drug use Continuing to use the drug, even though you know it's causing problems in your life or causing you physical or psychological harm Doing things to get the drug that you normally wouldn't do, such as stealing Driving or doing other risky activities when you're under the influence of the drug Spending a good deal of time getting the drug, using the drug or recovering from the effects of the drug Failing in your attempts to stop using the drug Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you attempt to stop taking the drug

27. Recognizing unhealthy drug use in family members Problems at school or work  — frequently missing school or work, a sudden disinterest in school activities or work, or a drop in grades or work performance Physical health issues  — lack of energy and motivation, weight loss or gain, or red eyes Neglected appearance  — lack of interest in clothing, grooming or looks Changes in behavior  — major efforts to bar family members from entering the teenager's room or being secretive about going out with friends; or drastic changes in behavior and in relationships with family and friends Money issues  — sudden requests for money without a reasonable explanation; or your discovery that money is missing or has been stolen or that items have disappeared from your home, indicating maybe they're being sold to support drug use

28. Crisis first Aid for Overdose, withdrawal A drug overdose is taking too much of a substance, whether it’s prescription, over-the-counter, legal, or illegal. Drug overdoses may be accidental or intentional. If you’ve taken more than the recommended amount of a drug or enough to have a harmful effect on your body’s functions, you have overdosed. First Aid 1. Check the person's airway, breathing, and pulse. If needed, begin CPR. If unconscious but breathing, carefully place the person in the recovery position by log rolling the person toward you onto their left side. Bend the top leg so both hip and knee are at right angles. Gently tilt their head back to keep the airway open. If the person is conscious, loosen the clothing and keep the person warm, and provide reassurance. Try to keep the person calm. If you suspect an overdose, try to prevent the person from taking more drugs. Call for medical help right away. 2. Treat the person for signs of shock. Signs include weakness, bluish lips and fingernails, clammy skin, paleness, and decreasing alertness. 3. If the person is having seizures, give first aid for seizures. 4. Keep monitoring the person's vital signs (pulse, rate of breathing, blood pressure, if possible) until emergency medical help arrives. 5. If possible, try to determine which drug(s) were taken, how much and when. Save any pill bottles or other drug containers. Give this information to emergency personnel. Things you shouldn't do when tending to someone who has overdosed: Do not put your own safety in danger. Some drugs can cause violent and unpredictable behaviour. Call for medical help. Do not try to reason with someone who is on drugs. Do not expect them to behave reasonably. Do not offer your opinions when giving help. You don't need to know why drugs were taken in order to give effective first aid.

29. Using Mental Health First Aid Mental Health First Aid training will equip you with the knowledge and practical skills to support a person developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis. But even without training, you can support those around you by following these steps, which are provided from mental health first aid guidelines. Know the signs The first step in providing mental health first aid is understanding the signs and symptoms of an emerging or worsening mental health problem. Only a trained professional can diagnose someone with a mental illness, but you can be aware of changes in a person’s  mood , behaviour, energy, habits, or personality. These changes may be the sign of a mental health problem.

30. Some symptoms that may indicate a serious problem include: bizarre or unusual thinking hallucinations, such as hearing or seeing things that aren’t there extreme mood changes restless, agitated and disorganised behaviour marked decrease in activity difficulty concentrating significant drop in performance at work or school significant withdrawal from friends and family neglecting self-care (such as neglecting personal appearance and hygiene, and eating poorly) suicidal thoughts or behaviours non-suicidal self-injury (deliberate self-harm) destructive or high-risk behaviour confusion and disorientation emotional outbursts sleep problems weight or appetite changes being quiet or withdrawn substance use problems feelings of guilt or worthlessness changes in behaviour or feelings that have lasted for longer than 2 weeks.