Mental Health Disorders and others (TSU).pptx

Mental health

1. YOUR MENTAL HEALTH MATTER, YOU MATTER. Presenter: SISTER AVIGAIL YUMUL RAMOS, MSC, RPm , LPT

2. “DELULU”

3. “BALIW”

4. “ADIK”

5. “BIPOLAR”

6. “PSYCHO”

7. “SLOW”

8. “TANGA”

9. “PARANOID”

10. “SALTIK”

11. “OBSESS”

12. “MURIT”

13. “NARCISSIST”

14. v “DEPRESS”

15. “NEUROTIC”

16. “BONAK”

17. “ Kulang-kulang ”

18. “EPELEPTIC”

19. “MENABU DUYAN”

20. “OC”

21. “You are not Delulu ”, Proper Usage of Mental Health Disorders Terminologies. Presenter: AVIGAIL YUMUL RAMOS, MSC, RPm , LPT

22. What is mental health? “Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community.”

23. Why is it very important? It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make healthy choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood.

24. ---Feeling anxious or worried ---Feeling depressed or unhappy --- Emotional outbursts ---Sleep problems --- Weight or appetite changes --- Quiet or withdrawn ---Substance abuse ---Feeling guilty or worthless ---Changes in behavior or feelings Basic signs that you have a mental health concern

25. ---You Are Confident When Faced With New Situations Or PeopleYou Feel Optimistic ---You Do Not Always Blame Yourself ---You Set Goals ---You Feel Good About Yourself ---You Have Good Self Esteem Basic signs that you have a good mental health

26. What is a mental health disorder? A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or development processes underlying mental functioning. (DSM-5TR definition of mental disorder)

27. CAUSES OF MENTAL HEALTH PROLEMS Substance Abuse Brain Damage Trauma Infection Malnutrition Fetal Damage Genetics

28. Various Mental Health DESTRUCTIVE Autism Spectrum Disorder Intellectual Disability Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Depression Oppositional Defiant Disorder Specific Learning Disorder Symptoms Social Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Internet Gaming Disorder Usual Mental Health Disorders

29. Various Mental Health DESTRUCTIVE Panic Disorder Phobia Adjustment Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorder I and II Mood Depressive Disorder Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Personality Disorders

30. REMEBER Doesn’t mean you have a mental Illness symptoms it means that you have a disorder. Remember, disorder is a disability, a diagnosis.

31. 4D characteristic of an abnormal behavior

32. Deviant Dysfunction Distress Danger

33. 1.Deviant Deviant means someone being extremely different, unusual and behaving in an eccentric manner. It can further be classified as: ·           Deviance from cultural norms ·           Deviance from statistical Norm

34. 2.      Dysfunction Dysfunction - means cognitive, emotional and behavioral breakdown. It’s an inability to perform daily functioning or everyday activities. In other words, a behavior is considered abnormal if it impairs functionality

35. 3.      Distress Distress is when the individual showing any behavior is extremely upset. In other words, the abnormal behaviors are those that lead to personal distress, anxiety, insomnia, various pains and aches or emotional upset.

36. 4.      Danger Any individual imposing a risk of danger to oneself or the other is considered to be abnormal. In other words, dangerous or violent behaviors directed at oneself or others are abnormal.

37. Factors that has an influence in a mental health diagnosis Self-diagnosis Consulting with someone you know Consulting with not mental health professionals Not being honest AND OTHER EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE

38. How to properly diagnose a Mental Health Disorders CLINICAL INTERVIEW BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING And other related information *** Usethe latest DSM5-TR (2022)

39. Remember!! When making a diagnosis, a MHP may rely on a variety of information sources including interviews, screening tools, previous psychological assessments, lab tests, and physical exams to learn more about the nature of your symptoms and how they are affecting you. A healthcare provider or mental health professional will then utilize the information they have learned to make a diagnosis based on DSM 5-TR criteria. 

40. Mental Health Law REPUBLIC ACT No. 11036 An Act Establishing a National Mental Health Policy for the Purpose of Enhancing the Delivery of Integrated Mental Health Services, Promoting and Protecting the Rights of Persons Utilizing Psychosocial Health Services, Appropriating Funds Therefor and Other Purposes Section 1.   Short Title.  - This Act shall be known as the  "Mental Health Act." Section 2.   Declaration of Policy.  - The state affirms the basic right of all Filipinos to mental health as well as the fundamental rights of people who require mental health services.

41. True & False about Mental Health

42. Person has a mental health condition, it means the person has low intelligence.

43. Mental illness, like physical illness, can affect anyone regardless of intelligence, social class, or income level.

44. You only need to take care of your mental health if you have a mental health condition.

45. Everyone can benefit from taking active steps to promote their well-being and improve their mental health. Similarly, everyone can take active steps and engage in healthy habits to optimize their physical health.

46. Poor mental health is not a big issue for teenagers. They just have mood swings caused by hormonal fluctuations and act out due to a desire for attention.

47. Teenagers often have mood swings, but that does not mean that adolescents may not also struggle with their mental health. Fourteen per cent of the world’s adolescents experience mental-health problems. Half of all mental health conditions start by the age of 14.

48. Nothing can be done to protect people from developing mental health conditions.

49. Many factors can protect people from developing mental health conditions, including strengthening social and emotional skills, seeking help and support early on, developing supportive, loving, warm family relationships, and having a positive school environment and healthy sleep patterns.  

50. The ability to overcome adversity relies on a combination of protective factors, and neither environmental nor individual stressors alone will necessarily result in mental health problems. Children and adolescents who do well in the face of adversity typically have biological resistance as well as strong, supportive relationships with family, friends and adults around them, resulting in a combination of protective factors to support well-being.

51. A mental health condition is a sign of weakness; if the person were stronger, they would not have this condition.

52. A mental health condition has nothing to do with being weak or lacking willpower. It is not a condition people choose to have or not have. In fact, recognizing the need to accept help for a mental health condition requires great strength and courag . Anyone can develop a mental health condition.

53. Many factors can protect people from developing mental health conditions, including strengthening social and emotional skills, seeking help and support early on, developing supportive, loving, warm family relationships, and having a positive school environment and healthy sleep patterns.  

54. The ability to overcome adversity relies on a combination of protective factors, and neither environmental nor individual stressors alone will necessarily result in mental health problems. Children and adolescents who do well in the face of adversity typically have biological resistance as well as strong, supportive relationships with family, friends and adults around them, resulting in a combination of protective factors to support well-being.

55. Myth: A mental health condition is a sign of weakness; if the person were stronger, they would not have this condition.

56. A mental health condition has nothing to do with being weak or lacking willpower. It is not a condition people choose to have or not have. In fact, recognizing the need to accept help for a mental health condition requires great strength and courage. Anyone can develop a mental health condition.

57. What is mental health stigma? In relation to mental illness, stigma is when someone is marked or discredited somehow, or reduced from being a whole person to being a stereotype or labelled as a collection of symptoms or a diagnosis (e.g. 'psychotic’). The meaning of the word stigma is a mark, a stain or a blemish.

58. Types of MHS Public stigma  involves the negative or discriminatory attitudes that others have about mental illness. Self-stigma  refers to the negative attitudes, including internalized shame, that people with mental illness have about their own condition. Institutional stigma , is more systemic, involving policies of government and private organizations that intentionally or unintentionally limit opportunities for people with mental illness. Examples include lower funding for mental illness research or fewer mental health services relative to other health care.

59. Types of Stigma Public Self Institutional Stereotypes & Prejudices People with mental illness are dangerous, incompetent, to blame for their disorder, unpredictable I am dangerous, incompetent, to blame Stereotypes are embodied in laws and other institutions Discrimination Therefore, employers may not hire them, landlords may not rent to them, the health care system may offer a lower standard of care These thoughts lead to lowered self-esteem and self-efficacy: "Why try? Someone like me is not worthy of good health." Intended and unintended loss of opportunity

60. Lived Example “I have to keep everything super organized. If a poster’s slightly tilted, it bothers me, and I have to fix it”.

61. “That’s so OCD”

62. What OCD really is:   OCD is a disorder categorized by intrusive, unwanted and disturbing thoughts that can cause individuals to ruminate, and feel guilt and shame. Often these thoughts will cause individuals to act (compulsions) to get rid of the thoughts. Types of OCD stretch farther than a fear of germs and a need to be organized, though these most certainly can be symptoms. Other categories of OCD fall under the category of relationships, morality and guilt, superstitions, religion, intrusive thoughts, perfectionism, hoarding, Body Dysmorphic disorder, Body Focused Repetitive behaviors, checking, and contamination to name some.

63. Example: Layla gets an intrusive harm thought stating that her brother is going to get into a horrible accident and die. Responsively, she proceeds to call her brother every 7 minutes, because she believes that if she dosen’t , she won’t be able to keep him safe, or prevent him from dying.

64. “I’m so depressed”.

65. What the stigma means:   “I really wanted to go out with my friends tonight, but instead I’m caught up at work. I’m so upset I have to miss out.”

66. What depression really is:   Depression causes a shift in a person’s energy, quality of life, and sense of self–often one that isn’t outwardly apparent due to the lengths that many will go to mask their struggles. Symptoms can include low-self esteem, changes in sleep patterns (excessive sleeping or not sleeping at all), changes in eating patterns (excessive overeating or undereating) a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, feelings of hopelessness, loneliness, self-loathing, an inability to concentrate or remember, social isolation, and uncontrollable outbursts of anger or tears, to name some. Depression can also cause one to experience suicidal thoughts and/or attempts.

67. Example : Kelsey used to be an active part of her school’s dance team. When depression suddenly hits her, she stops attending practice, and starts hiding in her room. She keeps her door locked, and sleeps 14+ hours a day. She can’t bring herself to eat, and finds herself starting to feel weak, and exhausted constantly.

68. “I’m so bipolar”.

69. Stigma:   “I’ll buy a shirt and love it, but then two days later I’ll decide I hate it.”

70. What bipolar disorder really is:   Bipolar disorder is divided into Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Bipolar I disorder comprises of changes in mood and behavior ranging from depression to mania, while those with Bipolar II disorder experience intense waves of depression, but less extreme mania (hypomania). During manic or hypomanic episodes one can experience symptoms of impulsive behaviors with little thought for consequences, limited need for sleep, excessive energy or restlessness, the ability to complete an excessive number of tasks in a short amount of time, and dissociative thought patterns. Depression can cause one to cry, have a negative outlook on life, make poor eye contact with others, as well as the symptoms listed in the previous section.

71. Kaylene is really stressed about getting into college. Her bipolar I disorder triggers her mania, and she stays up for the next 2 days, completing a total of 35 college applications. Eventually, her tiredness catches up to her, and she crashes. Upon awaking, she starts questioning if she’s even smart enough to get into college at all, and becomes severely depressed, not eating or leaving her room for the next few days.

72. Reminder!!! If you ever hear someone misusing a term associated with mental illness, kindly correct them–not aggressively, but rather in a way that promotes education. Refer them to resources where they can learn more about symptoms associated with mental illness, or, if you yourself have personal experience with this and feel able, explain how this sort of stigma has affected you, or someone you know. Words are very powerful, so it’s important that others use them properly.

73. Harmful Effects of Stigma and Discrimination Stigma and discrimination can contribute to worsening symptoms and reduced likelihood of getting treatment. A recent extensive  review of research  found that self-stigma leads to negative effects on recovery among people diagnosed with severe mental illnesses. Effects can include:

74. Harmful Effects of Stigma and Discrimination reduced hope lower self-esteem increased psychiatric symptoms difficulties with social relationships reduced likelihood of staying with treatment more difficulties at work PlaCIBO EFFECT**

75. Some of the other harmful effects of stigma can include: Reluctance to seek help or treatment and less likely to stay with treatment Social isolation Lack of understanding by family, friends, coworkers, or others Fewer opportunities for work, school or social activities or trouble finding housing Bullying, physical violence or harassment Health insurance that doesn't adequately cover your mental illness treatment The belief that you'll never succeed at certain challenges or that you can't improve your situation

76. FOR YOU, How can we Stop Stigma?

77. The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) offers some suggestions about what we can do as individuals to help reduce the stigma of mental illness:

78. Talk openly about mental health, such as sharing on social media.

79. Educate yourself and others – respond to misperceptions or negative comments by sharing facts and experiences.

80. Show compassion for those with mental illness.

81. Be conscious of language – remind people that words matter.

82. Encourage equality between physical and mental illness – draw comparisons to how they would treat someone with cancer or diabetes.

83. Be honest about treatment – normalize mental health treatment, just like other health care treatment.

84. Let the media know when they are using stigmatizing language presenting stories of mental illness in a stigmatizing way.

85. What can we do to support our loved one who is struggling with emotional or mental challenges? Keep communicating. Talk to your loved one the same way you did before their symptoms became noticeable or before their diagnosis. Ask questions instead of guessing what might be helpful.

86. What can we do to support our loved one who is struggling with emotional or mental challenges? Understand limits . Mental illness can reduce energy and motivation. Recognize that it may be hard for your loved one to read, pray, or participate in activities with others. Keep inviting them to do these things, but don’t take it personally if they turn you down.

87. What can we do to support our loved one who is struggling with emotional or mental challenges? Show compassion. Express your concern for them and offer your support. Don’t minimize their struggle, and don’t compare their experience to someone else’s. Telling them to “snap out of it” or “try harder” is not likely to help and could just add strain to the relationship or cause further discouragement. “I’ve been there than that”

88. What can we do to support our loved one who is struggling with emotional or mental challenges? Encourage them to get professional help. Be sensitive and kind in making this suggestion. Instead of saying, “Something is wrong with you—you need therapy!” try saying something such as, “I’m happy to listen when you want to talk. You might want to find someone with more training to help too.”

89. Some terms to avoid when talking about mental illnesses, and better ones to use

90. Don’t use: “Mental illness” as a collective term Instead, use: “Mental illnesses” or “A mental illness”

91. “Afflicted by mental illness”, “suffers from mental illness” or “is a victim of mental illness” Instead, use: “Living with a mental illness

92. Don’t use: “Mentally ill person” or “Person who is mentally ill” Instead, use:   “Person with a mental illness” or “Person living with a mental health issue”

93. Don’t use: “Schizophrenic, psychotic, disturbed, crazy or insane” Instead, use:   “Person living with schizophrenia”; “Person experiencing psychosis, disorientation or hallucination”

94. Don’t use: “Normal behavior” Instead, use:   “Usual behavior” or “typical behavior”

95. Don’t use: “Substance abuse,” “addict” or “user” Instead, use: “Substance use disorder”

96. Don’t use: “Committed suicide” Instead, use:   “Died by suicide” or “lost by suicide”

97. Below are warning signs which might indicate a need for professional help You suffer from persistent feelings of overwhelming anger, sadness, fear, emotional pain, or hopelessness. Regardless of what you do, these feelings remain and are often mentally and physically debilitating. Despite the feelings sometimes coming and going, the issues have continued for many months. Despite the feelings sometimes coming and going, the issues have continued for many months.

98. Below are warning signs which might indicate a need for professional help You have an uncontrollable sense of worry and anxiety. You contemplate either harming yourself or others. Your ability to function on a day-to-day basis is affected, and the issue limits your productivity. ***If you are experiencing some of these warning signs and are worried about your health, talk to a health care professional or someone you trust.

99. AVAILABLE PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES Counseling Consultation Psychotherapy Psychological Assessment

100. TELEPSYCHOLOGY Online Consultation Online Counseling Online Testing

101. FORENSIC & LEGAL ASSESSMENTS Child Abuse Case VAWC Case Other Legal Cases

102. Emergency Hotlines

103. WORKSHOP-ROLE LAYING Form groups and choose two role-players to act out your current circumstances in the Bunutan .

104. We know that mental illness is not something that happens to other people. It touches us all. Why then is mental illness met with so much misunderstanding and fear?

105. We should make it clear that getting help isn’t a sign of weakness—it’s a sign of strength. – MICHELLE OBAMA

106. We, as a culture, have not fully acknowledged how much help is needed. The only real shame is on us for not being willing to speak openly. For continuing to deny that mental health is related to our overall health. We need to start talking, and we need to start now. – OPRAH WINFREY

107. We need so much more openness, transparency and understanding that it’s OK to talk about depression as an illness. It’s not a weakness. It’s not a moral shortcoming. It’s not something people brought on themselves. – JOHN F. GREDEN

108. It’s O.K. to not be O.K., and it’s O.K. to talk about it. – NAOMI OSAKA

109. Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all. – BILL CLINTON

110. No one would ever tell a cancer patient to ‘just get over it.’ Why people think they can tell those with a mental illness as much is baffling. – SARA ELLA, CORAL

111. I try to be strong not only for other people but also myself, but sometimes there are weaknesses in strength and that’s OK, and it’s OK not to be OK, and I’ve taught myself that. – SIMONE BILE

112. What mental health needs is more sunlight, more candor, and more unashamed conversation. – GLENN CLOSE

113. LET NO OTHER PERSON DEFINE WHO YOU ARE, STOP STIGMA.

114. Questions & Clarifications

115. References https://www.tutorialspoint.com/meaning-of-4-d-s-in-abnormal-psychology https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/mental-illnesses-terms-to-use-terms-to-avoid/ https://www.psychiatryassociatesofbatonrouge.com/blog/mental-health-terminology https://www.thenanproject.org/2017/08/02/stigma-and-the-misuse-of-mental-health-terminology/ https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/educational-resources/dsm-5-fact-sheets https://www.verywellmind.com/the-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-dsm-2795758#toc-changes-in-the-dsm-5-tr