Mental Health Issues Among Adolescents.pptx

Mental Health Issues Among Adolescents

1. Mental Health Issues Among Adolescents DR. ANAND ARULSAMY

2. WHO reports depression, anxiety and behavioural disorders are among the leading causes of illness and disability among adolescents

3. A survey conducted by UNICEF in Latin America and the Caribbean found 27% of young people reported anxiety and 15% reported depression A STUDY BY UNICEF

4. Anxiety

5. What is Anxiety? Anxiety is a complex emotion characterized by feelings of tense apprehension, worry, and nervousness . It's a natural response to stress or perceived danger, and helps mobilize our bodies to deal with potential threats. It's important to distinguish between normal anxiety and anxiety disorders . While occasional and mild anxiety is a normal part of life, anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent, and debilitating anxiety that interferes with daily living.

6. How do you develop anxiety? 1. Focusing on multiple task at one time 2. Seeing the future in the present tense 3. Focusing on the outcome rather than the process 4 Overwhelming thoughts manifest into anxiety 5. Developing negative patterns unconsciously

7. Types of Anxiety 1.Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Manifestations: Constant worry, nervousness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, fatigue, muscle tension, and physical complaints. 2. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Manifestations: Fear of social situations and scrutiny, excessive self-consciousness, avoidance of interactions, blushing, stammering, and panic attacks 3. Phobias: Manifestations: Intense fear of specific objects or situations, avoidance behaviours , panic attacks, and physical symptoms like racing heart, sweating, and nausea.

8. How to deal with Anxiety ? Do one task at a time. Focus on the process, not the outcome. Live in the present Practice mindfulness Breathing exercises Restructure cognitive patterns.

9. Depression

10. What is Depression? Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities . It affects how a person thinks, feels, and handles daily activities. Depression can vary in severity and duration, ranging from mild, temporary episodes to severe, chronic conditions.

11. What are the Sign and Symptoms Persistent sadness, emptiness, or feelings of despair. Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed. Changes in appetite or weight. Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much. Fatigue or loss of energy. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt. Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things. Restlessness or slowed movements and speech. Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts.

12. How do you develop Depression? 1. Biological Factors : Genetic, Neurochemical Imbalances 2. Psychological Factors : Personality traits, negative thinking patterns 3. Social Factors : Chronic Stress, life event, isolation 4. Medical Condition: Chronic illness, Substance abuse

13. How do you develop Depression? 5. Developing negative cognitive patterns

14. How to Deal with Depression? Therapy Medication Social Support System Meditation Engaging in enjoyable activities Engage in Physical activities Restructuring negative cognitive patterns

15. Behavioural Disorders

16. What are the common behavioural issues among adolescents? Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) Conduct Disorder (CD)

17. Identifying a Student with ODD: Here are some signs that a student might have ODD: Angry/Irritable Mood 1. Often loses temper. 2. Is often touchy or easily annoyed. 3. Is often angry and resentful. Argumentative/Defiant Behavior 4. Often argues with authority figures or, for children and adolescents, with adults

18. Identifying a Student with ODD: 5. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures or with rules. 6. Often deliberately annoys others. 7. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior. Vindictiveness 8. Has been spiteful or vindictive at least twice within the past 6 months.

19. Identifying a Student with IED: Sudden, explosive outbursts of anger or rage Verbal aggression Physical aggression Difficulty controlling anger Feeling tense or irritable before an outburst Expressing regret or remorse after the outburst

20. Identifying a student with CONDUCT DISORDER 1. Aggression: Frequent fights, bullying, or threatening behavior towards others. 2. Rule-breaking: Persistent violation of rules without regard for consequences. 3. Deceitfulness: Lying, stealing, or engaging in deceitful behaviour for personal gain. 4. Lack of remorse : Disregard for the feelings of others and a lack of guilt or remorse after hurting someone

21. Etiology of IDD | IED | CD 1. Genetic: Family history, Neurobiological factors (abnormalities in the brain) 2. Environmental Factors : Substance use, dysfunctional family 3. Socioeconomic factors: Poverty, exposure to violence 4. Psychological Factors : Temperament, Cognitive processing 5. Social Factors : Peer, School 6. Comorbid Conditions : other psychiatric conditions

22. Helping a Student with ODD | IED | CD: Individual therapy Family therapy Positive classroom management Collaboration with parents

23. SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR AND NON-SUICIDAL SELF INJURY

24. Differentiating between Suicidal Behaviour Disorder (SBD) and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)

25. Thank You! Do you have any questions? [email protected] | [phone] Please keep this slide for attribution