Mental illness and mental retardation ppt

Mental illness and mental retardation should not be used interchangeably.

It can be understood as a condition where the individual has a lower IQ and have difficulty in coping with the realities of day to day life.

1. Difference between Intellectual Disability and Mental Illness Presented by : Neha Kardam Smriti Sohila

2. Mental Illness v/s Mental Retardation   Mental illness and mental retardation refer to two different concepts with marked differences between them. Therefore, mental illness and mental retardation should not be used interchangeably . Mental illness can be understood as a mental health condition that disrupts the behavior , thoughts, and emotions of an individual.

3. In abnormal psychology , attention is being paid to a wide range of mental illness. Mental Retardation is quite different from mental illness. It can be understood as a condition where the individual has a lower IQ and have difficulty in coping with the realities of day to day life. Usually diagnosed at a tender age, unlike in the case of most mental illnesses.

4. Mental Health Mental Health involves effective functioning in daily activities resulting in: Productive activities (work, school, caregiving) Healthy relationships Ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity (APA, 2017). Mental health is the foundation for thinking, communication, learning, resilience and self-esteem. Mental health is also key to relationships, personal and emotional well-being and contributing to community or society.

5. What is Mental Illness? A mental illness can be defined as a psychological condition that affects the thoughts, behavior , and emotions of an individual. Mental illness means any mental disorder other than mental retardation ( PwD Act,1992) Mental Illness refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders — health conditions involving:- Significant changes in thinking, emotion and/or behavior Distress and/or problems functioning in social, work or family activities (APA,2017).

6. It usually creates a tension in the individual making him unable to function as usual. Such a person can be under a lot of stress and have difficulty in functioning as an ordinary person. This illness will bring about changes in both his personal and professional life. Some of the common mental illnesses are depression, anxiety, personality disorders such as multiple personality disorder and other mental illnesses such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, panic disorders, phobias, etc.

7. Causes Mental illnesses can be caused due to various factors. They are genetic factors in which case the individual inherits different traits that trigger the illness, environmental factors, and chemical imbalances in the brain.

8. Mental Illness in India

9. Some Realities and Misconceptions

10. What is Mental Retardation? Mental retardation is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person which is specially characterized by sub-normality of intelligence ( PwD Act, 1992) . This is also known as an intellectual disability in the health sector. In such a situation, the brain of the child is not developed up to the normal range, making it difficult for the child to function. When speaking of mental retardation there are four levels. They are, Mild Moderate Severe Profound A person who is mentally retarded can have difficulties in learning and speaking. He can also have disabilities in physical and social activities as well. Mostly these can be diagnosed during childhood itself.

11. Causes Mental retardation can be caused due Malnutrition, Childhood sicknesses, Trauma before or during birth, Genetic abnormalities. Persons with ID can avail interventions like counselling and special education, which allows the individual to cope with day to day activities. This highlights that mental illness and retardation should not be considered as the same.

12. What is the difference between Mental Illness and Mental Retardation? • Definitions of Mental Illness and Mental Retardation: Mental illness can be defined as a psychological condition that affects the thoughts, behavior , and emotions of an individual. Mental retardation is a condition where the individual has a lower IQ and has difficulty in coping with the realities of day to day life.

13. Age Group: Mental illness is mostly diagnosed in adults. Mental retardation is diagnosed in childhood itself. • IQ: Mental illness does not involve a lower IQ. Mental retardation involves a lower IQ. • Effects: Mental illness affects the behavior , thoughts, and emotions. Mental retardation affects the cognition and intellect of the person.

14. Learning Difficulty: Those with mental retardation have difficulty in learning and show development difficulties and delays as well, but these are be seen in the case of mental illness .

15. Mental Retardation Mental Illness Mental retardation* refers to sub average intellectual functioning. Mental illnesses are medical conditions that disrupt a person’s thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning. Just as diabetes is a disorder of the pancreas, mental illnesses are medical conditions that often result in a diminished capacity for coping with the ordinary demands of life. Mental illness has nothing to do with intelligence. Serious mental illnesses include major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder. Mental retardation refers to impairment in social adaptation. A person with a mental illness may be very competent socially, but may have a character disorder or other aberration.

16. Cont… Mental retardation is present at birth or occurs during the period of development. Mental illnesses can affect persons of any age, race, religion, or income. Mental illnesses are not the result of personal weakness, lack of character, or poor upbringing. Mental illnesses are treatable. Most people diagnosed with a serious mental illness can experience relief from their symptoms and manage symptoms by actively participating in an individual treatment plan. In mental retardation, some degree of intellectual impairment can be expected to be permanent. Individuals with mental illness and their families receive support and services from private practice, their local mental health authority A person with mental retardation can be expected to behave rationally at his/her functional level. A person wi th mental illness may vacillate between normal and irrational behavior

17. References http://lucasdd.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Mental-Retardation-and-Mental-Illness_201405161349276399.pdf https://psychcentral.com/lib/mental-retardation-and-mental-illness/ http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-mental-illness-and-vs-mental-retardation/ http://jaapl.org/content/37/2/257 http://www.wpanet.org/uploads/Publications/WPA_Books/Additional_Publications/Mental_Health_in_Mental_Retardation/Mental_Health_in_Mental_Retardation_Eng.pdf