Mestrado Criminologia UFP -recorte em inglês(1).pptx

Perdil criminal

1. CRIMINAL PROFILES Prof. Dr. Jorge Trindade Inactive Justice Prosecutor (MPRS) Post-doctorate in Forensic Psychology Doctorate in Clinical Psychology Doctorate in Social Sciences Lawyer and psychologist FERNANDO PESSOA UNIVERSITY Master’s in Criminology 2023

2. CRIMINAL PROFILES Profile is the appearance of something seen from the side Ex: Sales profile (car insurance) Ex: Professional profile: job profile Ex: Profile on Instagram, etc… Criminal? Brazil: crimes and criminal offenses Crime: conduct + typical + unlawful + culpable (intent, conscious fault, strict fault: incompetence, recklessness or negligence)

3. CRIMINAL PROFILES Ancient origins: Criminal profiling has ancient roots. It was first used in Ancient Rome to identify criminals based on characteristics of their crimes. Cesare Lombroso’s work was not profiling, but it helped advance the idea. (The Delinquent Man). Famous criminals: Famous profilers like John E. Douglas and Robert Ressler helped capture some notorious criminals in history like Ted Bundy and the Zodiac Killer. Challenging cases: Profiling is often used in cases of serial murders and violent crimes, where the identity of the criminal is unknown (suspect).

4. CRIMINAL PROFILES Science and intuition: Profiles are built based on behavioral science, but also involve a dose of intuition and experience from the profiler. Myths and realities: Criminal profiling is not as accurate as it appears on TV shows. It is an auxiliary tool and not a miraculous solution. Studies in Psychology: Many profilers have a background in psychology, which allows them to analyze human behavior and crime patterns.

5. Zodiac Killer Zodiac Killer is the pseudonym of an American serial killer who operated in Northern California for 10 months from the late 1960s. His identity remains unknown. The Zodiac put his name on a series of threatening letters he sent to the press until 1974. Crime(s): Serial murders Date of birth: Unknown Period of activity: 1960s – Pseudonym(s): Zodiac Killer Victims: 5 confirmed deaths, 2 injured; possibly between 20 and 28 total deaths (the killer claimed 37 victims) ‹#›

6. Was your identify discovered? The identity of the Zodiac Killer, one of the greatest mysteries in history, was discovered by an independent team of investigators. According to the investigators, the serial killer, who operated in the Northern California region in the 1960s and left a series of enigmatic messages for the San Francisco Chronicle, was a man named Gary Francis Poste. To the misfortune of justice, the man died in 2018, without ever having been arrested for the crimes. ‹#›

7. Case Breakers U ma equipe de mais de 40 detetives, jornalistas e oficiais de inteligência militar formava os chamados Case Breakers, que acreditam que Poste é o responsável por um assassinato em 1966 na cidade de Riverside, no sul do estado. Até então, os cinco crimes conectados ao Assassino do Zodíaco teriam acontecido em um intervalo de dez meses entre os anos de 1968 e 1969. Nos anos seguintes, até 1974, ele zombou das autoridades enviando enigmas e códigos em cartas para o San Francisco Chronicle. ‹#›

8. Police sketch from San Francisco Prof. Dr. Jorge Trindade ‹#›

9. Portrait of Gary Francis Poste ‹#›

10. https://youtu.be/Jz-9Kj0fLg0 ‹#›

11. Criminal profile? Criminal profile? Criminal profile: is a general term for methods used to infer traits of individuals responsible for committing a crime (Turvey, 2011). This construct was claimed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and came to light in the 1970s with the growth in the number of serial murders that led to the development of a profiling unit within the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit.

12. Criminal profile Firstly defined by FBI agents (John Douglas) as: the identification of the main behavioral and personality characteristics of an individual, based on the analysis of the peculiarities of the crime committed. Copson (1995) presents another definition: Contribution of the Investigative Police aimed at providing the description of an unknown author of a crime, based on the assessment of the small details of the crime scene, the victim, and all other useful elements.

13. Criminal profile David Canter, from the School of Liverpool (USA, 1999), defines Criminal Profiling as: Any activity that can be useful, from all available information, to infer the characteristics of the criminal and the type of crime.

14. Criminal profile Burgess: It is the subcategory of criminal investigative analysis aimed at determining: 1 - the psychological conditions of the author; 2 - the analysis of the causes of death; 3 - the most opportune investigative strategies.

15. Criminal profile Holmes states that Criminal Profiling has three main objectives: The psychological and social assessment of the criminal; The psychological assessment of the repertoires that arise during the process of individuation of the subject; The guidance offered to investigators on more effective interrogation strategies.

16. Criminal profile Gebeth (1996) defines it as: The attempt to provide investigative agencies with specific information about the characteristics of the individual who committed a certain crime.

17. Criminal profile From the 1990s, in England, David Canter, a psychologist from the investigative psychology research group, developed independent and original studies. The theoretical corpus of Investigative Psychology is based on 5 points (Canter): Interpersonal coherence: the actions of those who commit a crime, although bizarre or extreme, are always in accordance with their psychological structure. This premise is indispensable for inferring psychological characteristics from the analysis of the interaction between author and victim.

18. Methods A) Nomothetic method: its goal is to accumulate knowledge to establish the typical, general, and common characteristics of groups of criminals (murderers, sexual abusers, incarcerated, etc.). It is a methodological proposition for cases in abstract. B) Ideographic method: it is the study of crime and criminals in concrete. The goal is to examine a case or a set of cases and see the specific traits of criminals in those concrete cases. It seeks to assist in the study of a concrete situation. Therefore, it is not a predictive method, but factual to establish the profile of a real criminal, the one who actually committed a crime.

19. Criminal profile 2. Importance of the place and time of the crime: The choice of these aspects to execute the crime are not casual, but reveal important objective information about the author of the crime such as, for example, the criminal’s mental map, that is, the internal representations that he uses in criminal conduct (Canter, 1994). 3. Characteristics about the author of the crime: They should be classified and sub-classified based on a typology of the behaviors employed during the commission of the crime.

20. Criminal profile 4. Criminal career: It refers to the valuation of the criminal’s precedents and antecedents and his typology. 5. Forensic awareness: It constitutes the degree of sophistication of attempts to hide and mislead the crime, as adopted by the criminal. Ex. in rape crime, the cleaning (washing) of seminal fluid.

21. Applicability " Profiling is an indispensable support in investigative techniques. Only more recently has it been receiving improvements as a structured, systematic, and direct method for exploring psychological contributions in criminal investigation (Canter, 1999). Currently, the use of tools and computer programs has led to standardized protocols. The psychological profile always has a PROBABILISTIC nature and does not offer complete certainty. It remains a complex operation that requires preparation and competence, but above all, an awareness of its limits to avoid judicial errors."

22. Scope of application Singular Homicide; Serial Homicide; Mass Homicides (same location, single event); Compulsive Homicide; Rape; Arson; Pedophilia; Ritualistic and Satanic Crimes; Sexual Activity or Post-mortem Mutilations; Other crimes (such as cybercrimes, for example).

23. American model (USA) "Crime scene analysis + Victimological analysis = Psychological and Behavioral Profile of the Criminal"

24. Summarizing ... "Criminal Profiling involves the psychological (or criminological) profile of an unknown perpetrator sought through the analysis of the crime scene. Flordeliz case (psychological autopsy of the ex-husband) and convicted in the 1st Degree (Jury Trial) to 50 years of imprisonment in Rio de Janeiro in 2022."

25. Modus Operandi and Signature Modus operandi: These are all the actions carried out by the perpetrator and concluded in the commission of the crime itself. The modus operandi has more consistency as an indispensable element for the criminal type. It is in the iter criminis. Signature or Firma: These are actions not completed at the end of the criminal act but that the perpetrator carries out to showcase the crime, i.e., to let investigators know that the crime was committed by that person. It is their signature or 'firma' (act of signing, marking). It is more personal (additional)."

26. Modus Operandi and Signature "The modus operandi tends to refine itself over time, especially with the criminal's experience, like any activity that improves with repetition. The signature is applied after the commission of the criminal act and left as a mark (signature) of that crime. Examples of a signature include leaving hands tied, in a prayer position, leaving an object uncovered or covered, a specific body part exposed, placing a sign or object on/near the body, etc."

27. Staging or Misdirection Staging is done to confuse investigators or to lead them away from the logical suspicion. Changing the modus operandi to avoid being discovered or captured. It is difficult to distinguish whether evidence is legitimate or staged. Staging presupposes some level (high) of intelligence

28. Which one: one crime or the other? Example: Disguising one crime as another. Homicide or Robbery? Killing or Stealing (and killing in the process). Homicide is a crime against life (Jury Trial). Robbery is a crime against property.