Metal Properties & Their application as per behaviour

Metal properties

1. METALS
Learning Objectives:
•What is METAL?
•Different Types of Metals –Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, Alloys
•Main focus of Ferrous Metals
•Properties of Metals
•Characteristics of Ferrous Metals with examples
•Advantages/Disadvantages of Ferrous Metals

2. METALS
•Metals are… Solid at room temperature, except
mercury, which is liquid !
•Metals have… very high melting point.
•Metals are… shiny when they cut.
•Metals are… good conductors of heat and electricity.
•Metals are… usually strong & malleable so they can be
hammered into shape.

3. METALS

4. METALS

5. METALS

6. METALS
Ferrous Non-Ferrous Alloys
Containing iron & Do not contain iron.A mixture of
almost all aree.g. aluminium,metals, or a
magnetic. copper, silver, gold, metal & small
e.g. mild-steel, lid, tin etc.amount of
cast-iron, tool- other substance
Steel etc.
Ferrous Alloys Non-Ferrous Alloys
e.g. e.g. brass (copper + zinc)
stainless steel bronze (copper + tin )
steel + chromium

7. METALS
METALS & ALLOYS
Metals are available in pureor alloyform.
Pure Metalssuch as pure aluminium or pure copper, contain only
one type of metal. They are not mixed with any other metal.
Alloysare mixture of two or more pure metals.
Alloys tend to have better strength propertiesthan pure metals.
Alloys and pure metals often have special physical properties.

8. PROPERTIES OF METALS
1.Strength-The ability of a material to stand up to forces
being applied without it bending, breaking, shattering or
deforming in any way.
2.Elasticity-The ability of a material to absorb force and flex
in different directions, returning to its original position.
3.Plasticity-The ability of a material to be change in shape
permanently.
4.Ductility-The ability of a material to change shape (deform)
usually by stretching along its length.

9. PROPERTIES OF METALS
5. Tensile Strength–The ability of a material to stretch without
breaking or snapping.
6.Malleability-The ability of a material to be reshaped in all
directions without cracking.
7.Toughness-A characteristic of a material that does not
break or shatter when receiving a blow or under a sudden
shock.
8.Conductivity-The ability of a material to conduct electricity.

10. PROPERTIES OF METALS
9. Hardness–The ability of a material to resist scratching,
wear and tear & indentation.

11. FERROUS-METALS
1.Mild Steel
Composition:Iron alloy with 0.3% carbon
Properties:Malleable and ductile, and therefore bends fairly easily
Uses:nuts, bolts, screws, tubes etc.
Methods of Identification
Appearance:Bright drawn mild steel has a smooth, bright surface;
black mild steel is covered with a blue-grey oxide
Dropping:Gives out a ringing note
Grinding:Gives off a shower of long white sparks
Effect of Heating:Slightly tougher but little change

12. FERROUS-METALS
2.Tool Steel / cast steel / carbon steel
Composition:Iron alloy with 0.5%-1.5% carbon
Properties:Tough rather than hard, and fairly ductile
Uses:Springs and most tools such as hammer heads, drills, chisels,
shears etc
Methods of Identification
Appearance:Has a smooth skin of black oxide
Dropping:Gives out a high ringing note
Grinding:Moderate number of red sparks
Effect of Heating: Becomes hard and brittle

13. FERROUS-METALS
3.cast iron
Composition:Iron alloy with 2%-4% carbon
Properties:Brittle, snaps before it will bend. Strong in compression
Uses:Vices, cylinder blocks for car engines, frames for most machines
Methods of Identification
Appearance:Grey with a granular surface
Dropping:gives out a dull note
Grinding:Gives off a few dull sparks
Effect of Heating:No change

14. ADVANTAGES OF FERROUS METALS
1.High strength to weight ratio
it minimise the substructures cost, which beneficial in poor ground
condition. E.g. The Newark Dyke Rail Bridge –comprises 77 meter long,
11.25 meter wide bowstring with 820 tonnes of S355 steel.
This bridge use IMD (Interactive Model Technique) –reduced the time
required to assess the dynamic response of the structure.
This bridge was the first UK steel bridge to be designed for the next
generation of 225 km/hr trains.

15. ADVANTAGES OF FERROUS METALS
2.High quality material
readily available worldwide in various certificate grades.
3.Speed of construction
4.Versatility
steel suits range of construction methods & sequences.
5.Modification & repair
6.Recycling
7.Durability
8.Aesthetics
steel has a broad architectural possibilities.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF FERROUS METALS
1.Costly waste
2.High cost of final finishing & polishing
3.Environmental issue

17. RECAP
•Metal
•Different types of metals –ferrous, non-ferrous, alloy
•Properties of metals
Strength
Elasticity
Plasticity
ductility
tensile strength
malleability
toughness
conductivity
hardness
•Metal
•Different types of metals –ferrous, non-ferrous, alloy
•Properties of metals
Strength
Elasticity
Plasticity
ductility
tensile strength
malleability
toughness
conductivity
hardness
•Examples of ferrous metals, uses, methods of identification
•Advantages
•Disadvantages
•Homework