Metals and non_metals

Metals and non_metals

1. METALS AND NON-METALS Metals account for about two thirds of all the elements and about 24% of the mass of the planet. Metals have useful properties including strength, ductility, high melting points, thermal and electrical conductivity, and toughness.   Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. The non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light . 

2. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METALS AND NONMETALS METALS NON-METALS EXCEPTIONS Metals are malleable and ductile Eg. Gold and silver are the most malleable and ductile. Non-metals are neither malleable nor ductile. Carbon fiber is highly ductile.

3. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Eg. Silver is the best conductor of electricity Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite is a good conductor of Electricity.

4. Metals are lustrous(shiny) Non-metals are non-lustrous (dull) Iodine crystals are lustrous.

5. Metals are generally hard. Non-metals are brittle not hard. Metals like lithium , sodium and potassium are soft. Non-metals like carbon (diamond) is the hardest substance on Earth. Au P Na K Li Diamond

6. Metals are generally solids at room temperature Non-metals are solids, liquids and gases. Metal-mercury is a liquid. BROMINE

7. Metals have high density Non-metals have low density Metals –lithium, sodium and potassium have low density. Non-metal –carbon (diamond) Has high density. Metals have high melting and boiling points. Non-metals have low melting and boiling points. Metals –like Gallium(30 C),Cesium(28 C), Sodium(98 C),Potassium( 64 C) Have low melting points. Non-metals like-diamond (3550 C), graphite (3700 C) have high melting points.

8. Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non- sonorous. Metals have high tensile strength Non-metals have low tensile strength.

9. Metals are silver grey in colour Non-metals are of different colours Metals like gold-yellow, copper - reddish brown. Al Fe S Au Cu

10. Metals form basic oxides Non-metals form acidic oxides Oxides of Al, Zn and Sn are amphoteric in nature ZnO Al 2 O 3 MgO NaO NO2 P2O5

11. Metals are good conductors as they contain free electrons to carry current which non-metals do not have.