Metaphorical_Modes AS dggggggggghhdfhfdh.pptx

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1. Chapter 10: Metaphorical Modes of Expression in SFL Based on Halliday & Matthiessen (2014)

2. Introduction to Grammatical Metaphor - Grammatical metaphor involves shifts between different grammatical forms to expand meaning potential. - Two main types: + Interpersonal Metaphor + Ideational Metaphor

3. Interpersonal Metaphor - Used to expand the potential for negotiation in interaction. - Examples: + Metaphorical: 'I think you should go' instead of Congruent: 'Go!'. - Purpose: Express attitudes and opinions more subtly.

4. Ideational Metaphor - Reconstructs experiences into different grammatical forms. - Examples: + Metaphorical: 'Pressure caused the rock to change' instead of Congruent: 'Rocks changed because of pressure'. - Uses nominalization to convert verbs and adjectives into nouns.

5. Nominalization in Ideational Metaphor - Nominalization: Converting verbs and adjectives into nouns. - Examples: + 'Advance' (verb) becomes 'Advancement' (noun). + 'Pressure' (noun) instead of 'Press' (verb). - Purpose: Enhances abstraction and technical expression in scientific texts.

6. Expansion and Projection - Expansion: + Elaboration: Adds details. + Extension: Adds new information. + Enhancement: Adds circumstantial info. - Projection: + Locution: Reporting speech. + Idea: Reporting thoughts.

7. Examples of Expansion and Projection - Expansion Example: + Elaboration: 'She won the race, which was surprising.' - Projection Example: + Locution: 'She said, “I will go.”' + Idea: 'She thought he would come.'

8. Interpersonal Effects of Metaphor - Enhances subtlety in expressing attitudes and opinions. - Example: + Metaphorical: 'I would suggest that you leave.' + Congruent: 'Leave now!' - Manages relationships and authority in discourse.

9. Textual Effects of Metaphor - Facilitates coherence and cohesion in texts. - Uses Theme-Rheme structure to organize information. - Example: + Theme: 'The new policy' + Rheme: 'aims to reduce emissions.'

10. Summary of Chapter 10 - Grammatical Metaphor expands meaning potential through nominalization. - Interpersonal and Ideational Metaphors enhance subtlety and abstraction. - Expansion and Projection link clauses logically and semantically. - Facilitates scientific and technical discourse.