Methods of oil extraction

In this slide I manage methods of oil extraction.

1. Methods Of Oil Extraction Kalpesh Mahajan ( B.pharm 3 rd Year ) 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 1

2. Methods Of Oil Extraction water Distillation steam Distillation Solvent Extraction Cold Pressing Soxhlet Extraction Fractional Distillation Maceration 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 2

3. Water Distillation Place the plant material to be extracted into a large round bottomed flask . Add water to the RBF to just cover the plant material ( 10% More than material ). Connect one side of the condencer to the material conaining RBF & another side of the Condencer to the another empty RBF (Receiving Flask ) to get oil. Give the heat to the material containing RBF. Collect distillate at a rate of 1 drop every second . The distillate will contain both water and oil. If the oil separates from the distillate, it can be removed via pipette. If distillate is milky, the oil must be extracted into an organic solvent, dried with a drying agent, and solvent removed with the rotary evaporator. 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 3

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5. Steam Distillation Stem distillation require the boiler for vapour increase. The principle are similar to water distillation , but to place the plant on the grid in still & connect pipe with a boiler. When steam distillation is used in the manufacture and extraction of essential oils ,the botanical material is placed in a still and steam is forced over the material from below . The hot steam helps to release the aromatic molecules from the plant material since the steam forces open the pockets in which the oils are kept in the plant material. The molecules of these volatile oils then escape from the plant material and evaporate into the steam . The temperature of the steam needs to be carefully controlled-just enough to force the plant material to let go of the essential oil ,yet not too hot as to burn the plant material or the essential oil. 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 5

6. The steam which then contains the essential oil, is passed through a cooling system to condense the steam, which forms a liquid from which the essential oil and water is then separated . The steam is produced at greater pressure than the atmosphere and the refore boils at above 100 degrees Celsius which facilitates the removal of the essential oil from the plant material at a faster rate and in so doing prevents damage to the oil . 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 6

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8. Solvent Extraction Take a powder material in RBF. Add a suitable solvent in it ( chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate ). Shake the flask for an hour. Introduce the RBF to a low heat (below the boiling point of solvent ). This allow the more oil dissolve in solvent. Filter the solution. Evaporate the solvent & collect the oil. 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 8

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10. Cold Pressing The material ground through milling process. T he ground paste is slowly churned into the pressing machine. The oil starts separating from the solids . Once the oil is pressed out of the material, the extract is filter to separate the solid material . T he remaining sediment is separated from the oil by allowing it to settle by force of gravity ( Decantation ). 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 10

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12. Soxhlet Extraction G rounded and dried sample and place it in the thimble . Place the thimble in the soxhlet extractor . Take a round bottom flask & fill the flask with required amount of petroleum ether . Place the whole setting on a heating mantle and allow the petroleum ether to boil . Continue the extraction process for several hours. Remove the condensing unit from extraction unit and allow the sample to cool down. Collect almost all the solvent after distillation. Place the sample in the oven and after removing it place in the desiccator. 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 12

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14. Fractional Distillation H eat the mixture of two or more substances with different boiling points to a high temperature. Heating is usually done with high pressure steam to temperatures of about 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 600 degrees Celsius. The mixture boils , forming vapor (gases); most substances go into the vapor phase. The vapor enters the bottom of a long column ( fractional distillation column ) that is filled with trays or plates. The trays have many holes or bubble caps (like a loosened cap on a soda bottle) in them to allow the vapor to pass through. They increase the contact time between the vapor and the liquids in the column and help to collect liquids that form at various heights in the column. There is a temperature difference across the column (hot at the bottom, cool at the top). The vapor rises in the column. As the vapor rises through the trays in the column, it cools . When a substance in the vapor reaches a height where the temperature of the column is equal to that substance's boiling point, it will condense to form a liquid. (The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the highest point in the column; substances with higher boiling points will condense lower in the column.). The trays collect the various liquid ( oil ) fractions. The collected liquid fractions may pass to condensers, which cool them further, and then go to storage tanks, or they may go to other areas for further chemical processing. 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 14

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16. Maceration The flowers are soaked in hot oil to have their cell membranes ruptured and the hot oil then absorbs the essence. The oil is then cleared of the plant material and decanted. The essential oil is absorbed by the hot oil. The botanical matter is removed and the oil cooled and then decanted. This is very much the same technique used in solvent extractions , where solvents are used instead of the hot oil as used in maceration. 24/08/2019 kalpesh Mahajan 16

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