Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures and Compounds.pptx

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1. Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures and Compounds Lesson 4

2. Compound and mixture Compounds are substances which can be formed by chemically combining two or more elements. On the other hand, Mixtures are substances that are formed by physically mixing two or more substances. Compounds are always homogeneous in nature while mixtures can either be homogeneous or heterogeneous in nature.

3. A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition and appearance. Individual substances that constitute a homogeneous mixture cannot be visually differentiated. A heterogeneous mixture comprises two or more substances that can be distinctly observed and separated easily.

4. The method of separating components of mixtures is a procedure of segregating the constituent or part of a substance which is made up of two or more pure substances. There different separation techniques that are applicable to a specific mixture or compound. Separation techniques of Mixtures and Compounds

5. 1. Filtration It is the process of separating the insoluble solid from the liquid by allowing the liquid to pass through a porous material called filtering agent. The solid particles retained in the filter paper is called residue, and the liquid which passes through a filtering agent is called the filtrate.

6. 2. Decantation This is a method used to separate the liquid layer known as supernatant and a heavy insoluble solid known as precipitate by allowing the solid to settle at the bottom of the container then the liquid above the solid is poured off into another container.

7. 3. Mechanical Separation This involves the use of forceps, sieves, magnet and other similar tools to separate the components of mixtures. In the mechanical separation, the involved substances are mostly solids that can be separated manually.

8. 4. Centrifugation It is the process that uses a motor device known as centrifuge that speeds up the settling of the precipitate using centrifugal motion. The heavier component settles at the bottom and the less dense component settles at the upper portion.

9. 5. Distillation This is a process that involves the evaporation and condensation of a liquid solvent from a mixture. It uses the difference in boiling points of the components of a mixture. The more volatile liquid in the mixture boils first, evaporates, then condenses. The distillate is the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor.

10. 6. Chromatography This process uses the difference in the degrees to which substances are absorbed on the surface of an inert substance such as a filter paper.

11. 7. Electrolysis This is a chemical decomposition or breakdown produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions. In doing this method, the positive and negative electrodes should be submerged completely in the liquid to effectively separate the ions.