Methods-of-Separating-Components-of-Mixtures-and-Compounds.pptx

It is about science, separating compounds

1. Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures and Compounds OBJECTIVES: describe various simple separation techniques such as distillation and chromatography

2. What are the Methods of Separating the Components of Mixtures and Compounds? Once again, method of separating components of mixtures is a procedure or process of segregating or moving the constituent or part of a substance which is made up of two or more pure substances. Sample of a mixture is sea water because sea water contains both water and salt which are mixed together in different proportion or amount.

3. 1. Filtration It is the process of separating the insoluble solid from the liquid substance by allowing the liquid to pass through a porous material called filtering agent. The solid particles which are retained in the filter paper is called residue, and the clear liquid which passes through a filtering agent such as filter paper is called the filtrate.

4. In using a filter paper, a glass funnel is used as a support. To transfer the mixture (liquid) from the beaker into the funnel, you have to mix thoroughly the mixture using a stirring rod so that no solid substance will be left behind. A stirring rod may also be used to guide the mixture into the funnel to avoid spillage especially if the said funnel is too small. See to it also that the filter paper is not damaged before using it. 1. Filtration

5. 1. Filtration

6. 2. Decantation This is a method used to separate the liquid layer known as supernatant and a heavy insoluble solid known as precipitate by allowing the said solid to settle at the bottom of the container then the liquid above the solid is poured off carefully into another container. In decantation process, the mixture is being set aside and given enough time the precipitate to settle at the bottom of the container such as a beaker.

7. 2. Decantation

8. 3. Mechanical Separation This involves the use of forceps, sieves, magnet and other similar tools to separate the components of mixtures. Sand and gravel are separated by passing the mixture over a wire screen. In the mechanical separation, the involved substances are mostly solids that can be separated manually.

9. 3. Mechanical Separation

10. 4. Centrifugation It is the process that uses a motor device known as centrifuge that speeds up the settling of the precipitate using centrifugal or rotating motion. As the mixture inside the test tube of the centrifuge is subjected to centrifugal force, the heavier component settles at the bottom and the less dense component settles at the upper portion.

11. 4. Centrifugation

12. 5. Distillation This is a process that involves the evaporation and condensation of a liquid solvent from a mixture or solution. This method uses the difference in boiling points of the components of a mixture. The more volatile liquid in the mixture boils first, evaporates, then condenses. The distillate is the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor. Content of the container should always be checked to avoid drying up of the said container.

13. 5. Distillation

14. 6. Chromatography This process uses the difference in the degrees to which substances are absorbed on the surface of an inert substance such as a filter paper. A drop of ink or extract will be separated into different components if it is placed at the end of a filter paper and the tip of the paper is allowed to barely touch the solvent. Separate bands of colors, representing the different components will appear on the paper. In doing this process, the filter paper should ensure the touching of the solvent.

15. 6. Chromatography The word “chromatography” originated from the Greek words, “chroma” means color and “ graphy ” means writing.

16. 6. Chromatography

17. 7. Electrolysis This is a chemical decomposition or breakdown produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions. Example of this is the separation of oxygen atom to the hydrogen atoms from the water molecules. In doing this method, the positive and negative electrodes should be submerged completely in the liquid to effectively separate the ions.

18. 7. Electrolysis