Micro hydro power plant

A general outline of Micro Hydro Power Plant

1. MICRO-HYDRO POWER PLANT SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

2. HYDRO POWER Hydropower transforms the potential energy of a mass of water flowing in a river or stream with a certain vertical fall (termed the “head ”) Hydroelectric power is the cheapest source of energy, renewable and environmentally benign during running . The potential annual power generation of a hydropower project is proportional to the head and flow of water 2 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

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4. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS : 4 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

5. Micro-hydro Power Micro-hydro power is a type of Hydro electric power that typically produced up to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water. These type of power plant can provide power to an isolated home or a small community. Micro-hydro system complement solar energy because in many areas in winter the water flow is maximum and solar energy is minimum. In such areas micro-hydro power is used along with photo voltaic solar energy. 5 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

6. VARIOUS COMPONENTS Construction of a Micro-hydro power plant is site specific. It is made up of a number of components. Some of them are…… Intake Canal Penstock Turbine Generator Controlling unit 6 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

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8. TURBINES Turbines converts the flow and pressure energy into mechanical energy. Turbines are basically of two types i.e. Reaction & Impulse and Depending upon the head of the available water further divide in three categories i.e. High, Medium & Low head. According to site specification (i.e. head and flow) we choose the turbine to use in micro- hydro power plant. 9 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

9. Turbine type Flow Head Pelton wheel Low High ( > 70 feet) Turgo Medium Medium (25-75 feet) Cross Flow High Low (<25 feet) 10 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

10. GENERATORS The standard generators used in micro hydro power projects are the synchronous generator and the induction motor used as a generator. Induction generator :- Induction generator usually an induction motor. Which rotates 1-5% faster then synchronous speed so that it can achieve negative slip, to run in generating mode. 11 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

11. Synchronous generator :- Salient pole Synchronous generator or alternator are used in micro-hydro projects. These generator supplies its own excitation through rectifier or external batteries system can be used for excitation. Some times industrial pumps (i.e. centrifugal) are use as generator . Continued… 1 11 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

12. ELECTRONIC LOAD CONTROLLER Water turbines vary in speed as load is applied. This speed variation will seriously affect both frequency and voltage output from a generator. To over come this problem electronic load controller is used in micro-hydro power plant. 13 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

13. The ELC prevents speed variations by continuously adding or subtracting an artificial load, so that the generator is working permanently under full load. A further benefit is that the ELC has no moving parts, it is very reliable and maintenance free. Continued…. 14 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

14. Disadvantages Economic energy source. No reservoir required. Utilize natural flow of water. No harmful effect on surrounding. No costly equipment used. Low power generation during summer months. Suitable site characteristics required. Efficiency is low . Advantages 15 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

15. Conclusion… Micro-hydro power plant is an important part of world’s electricity supply. Specially in remote areas it is providing reliable and economic source of electricity. As no fossil fuel required in hydro power plant, it can help to save other source of energy. 16 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI

16. THANK YOU… 17 SARAVANAN SIVAMANI