MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES AND TYPES (Bacillus thuringienisis , Bacillus sphaericus , Bacillus popillae, Pseudomonas syringae)

Bio pesticides, History, Types of Bio pesticides, Microbial Bio pesticides,
Bt, Bs, Bp, Ps, other microbes

1. A à

Department of Microbial Biotechnology...

Presented to: Presented by:
Dr. G. KAPILDEV SABARIDARAN.B
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR I M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY

2. Contents

à Introduction

» History

+ Types of Biopesticide
# Microbial Biopesticide

+ Bacillus thuringienisi

Bacillus sphaericus"

Bacillus popillae

Pseudomonas syringae
Other microbes

Advantages

3. Introduction

Biopesticide is a formulation made from naturally occuring substance that
controls pests by non toxic mechanisms and in ecofriendly manner

Biopesticides may be derived from animals(nematode),
plants(chrysanthemum) and microorganisms (Bacillus, Trichoderma,
Nucleopolyhedrosis virus)

However, Biopesticides are generally less toxic to the user and are non target
organisms, making them desirable and sustainable tools for disease
management

4. History

As early as the 17th century, plant
extracts were likely the earliest
agricultural Biopesticides

In the 19th century, experiments
with minerals oils as plant
protestants were also reported

The early 20th century, a growing
number of studies and proposal for
Biopesticides were developed

5. Types of biopesticides

»

Microbial pesticides =
oN
Plant incorporated protestants Frog
Biochemical pesticides
Botanical pesticides

Biotic agents parasitoids

6. OD;

Microbial Pesticides ED

=>
Microbial pesticides are composed of microscopic living organisms +
(viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes) or toxin produced by
these organisms

They applied as conventional insecticidal sprays, dusts or granules

Their greatest strength is their specificity as most are essentially
nontoxic and non pathogenic to animals and humans. +

Microbial pesticides includes insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and
growth regulators of microbial origin

7. Bacillus thuringiensi

Discovered in Japan in early 20th century
and first become a commercial product
in France in 1938

Control lepidopterous pests like American bollworm in cotton and stem
borders in rice

When ingested by pest larvae, Bt releases toxins which damage the mid
gut of the pest, eventually killing it.

Main sources for the production of Bt preparations are the strains of the
subspecies kurstaki, galeriae, dendrolimus

8. BL ue a Suaspecies 1720
STAGE - 1 , STAAC-2 , SAME -3
B: turinginuts lo r 1
Ingesten Spore +
Sure i SAN EE mebr
+ Bt Lurstakt Vetety of te
a. ia F
protein Ba ı {
Crystal Bt faralende Morquilo , bl k4 4 nd fungus
Goat larves
E >
\ A lity e |b t ariauai War moth las
Te wat ob leswee and Vartoud
aE A HT nn entengkiicn
Vaculalión & the Spectre receptor Crystal ena! atlas expertally
Culoplum Ihn Toxin Atanwnd bak. mouth sad il bt

Gram positive, aerobic parasporal body known as the crystal that
is proteinaceous and possesses insecticidal properties. The
parasporal body compriies of crystals and tightly packed with
protein called protozoan or endotoxins

9. (Poet sphoertene 3
E tue. AA
y Cramer

\ Ookinele

/
El SM
12 7 et

[> >
Haemocu le Ug
eS Adult =
urgence.

cg bath

3 E
pupa Lol

10. Bacillus popilliae

Bacillus popilliae spores were initially
isolated from infected be type larvae in
1930, name reflects from bettle
popillpopillia japonica

This bacterium protects itself from
harsh conditions like heat, cold, drying.

When spore ingested by bettle it becomes
active bacterium and multiply large
number of bacteria prevent maturation of
larvae.

Bacterial spores released in soil, infected
larvae die. The number of beetles

reduced, spread between spring and fall 10

11. Pseudomonas syringae

P. syringae a rod shaped Gram

negative bacterium with polar :
flagella tend to be favoured by b
wet cool condition (12-25°C). A
Some strains have biocontrol

agents against post harvest

rootstock it can control certain

insects in apple, lemons and |

grapefruit

11

12. A.radiobacter used to treat crown
gall. It is a disease of peaches,
grapevine, roses caused by
pathogen A.tumefaciens.

The effect strains posses colonize
host root at population density &
produce antibiotic agrocin which
kills pathogen

This bacteria is used to
control damping off caused
by Pythium, Rhizoctonia sola,
Gaeumannomycetes gramin
is. It has ability to grow
quickly in rhizosphere

12

13. Metarizium anisopliae
It infects spittlegbugs, rhinoceros beetles

Beauveria bassiana
Controls Colorado potato beetle

Verticillum lecanii
Controls aphids and whiteflies

Nomuraea riley

Controls soybean caterpillars
13

14. Trichoderma

Trichoderma is a fungicides effective against soil
born disease such as root rot. This also used
against Necteia galligena that causes silver leaf
disease of fruit trees by entering through pruning
wounds

Baculoviruses (Bvs)

Control lepidopterous and hymenopterous
pests. Rod shaped, circular double
stranded super coiled DNA

15. Advantages
of
biopesticides

e Inherently less harmful and less environmental
load.

e Designed to affect only one specific pest or in
some cases a few target organisms

e Often effective in very small quantities and often
decompose quickly thereby resulting in lower
exposures and largely avoiding the pollution
problems

e When used as a component of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) programs, biopesticides can

contribute greatly.
15

16. Reference

0
©

—_

I KoN N

Agricultural microbiology by G. Ranga swamy
and pj. Bagyaraj, prentize Hall, India

Images, diagram are sawn and drawn
with help of google web and scholar

Some contents taken from research
article in online web, internet

16