MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

SEMINAR PPT

1. Presented by PRAVEEN H M 1CG14ME074 Mechanical Engineering CIT, Gubbi, Tumakuru - 572 216 Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology (NAAC Accredited & ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution ) ( Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi) (Recognised by A.I.C.T.E. New Delhi) Under the Guidance of Mr. NATESH C P M.Tech,(Ph.D),AMIE Asst. Professor, Dept. of ME CIT, Gubbi, Tumakuru - 572 216 MICROBIAL FUEL CELL GENERATING POWER FROM WASTE WATER

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MICROBIAL FUEL CELL(MFC) TYPES OF MFC PRINCIPLE CONSTRUCTION WORKING OF MFC APPLICATION OF MFC ADVANTAGES OF MFC LIMITATIONS OF MFC CONCLUSION REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION Renewable and clean forms of energy are one of society's greatest needs . Use of the fossil fuels can trigger global energy crisis and increased global warming hence there is considerable interest in research fraternity on green production. In an era of climate change, alternate energy sources are desired to replace oil and carbon resources. Subsequently, climate change effects in some areas and the increasing production of biofuels are also putting pressure on available water resources. Microbial Fuel Cells have the potential to simultaneously treat wastewater for reuse and to generate electricity; M.C Potter was the first to perform work on the subject in 1911 in E.coli, professor of botany at the University of Durham.

4. MICROBIAL FUEL CELL(MFC) Bio-electrochemical system Chemical energy to electrical energy Catalytic reaction of microorganisms Mimics bacterial interaction Fig..Flow Diagram of MFC

5. PRINCIPLE Cellular respiration of the Microbe converts nutrients into adenosine triphoshate (ATP) which is a fuel cellular activity Based on exothermic redox reactions Bacteria converts substrate into electrons and protons Electrons run through the circuit to generate power Fig..Nanowires of Microbe

6. TYPES OF MFC Based on mechanism Mediator MFC Mediator free MFC Microbial Electrolysis fuel cell Soil Based MFC Fig..Mediator type Fig..Mediator Free type Fig..Electrolysis fuel cell Fig.. Soil based MFC

7. Based on constructional features Fig..Single, Double, Plate type

8. CONSTRUCTION

9. COMPONENTS Anode Conductive, bio compatible & chemically stable with substrate Stainless steel mesh, graphite plates or rods Bacteria live in the anode compartment and convert substrate to CO 2 ,protons and electrons Electrons and protons recombine at the cathode Oxygen reduced to water Pt catalyst is used Cathode Cathode compartment

10. Exchange membrane NAFION or ULTREX Protons flows through the EM Proton and electrons recombine on the other side . Can be a proton or cation exchange membrane After leaving anode, electrons travel through the circuit These electrons power the load Exchange Membrane Electrical Circuit

11. Microbes An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism the does not require oxygen for growth Geobacteraceae Pseudomonas Bacteroides Substrates Substrates provide energy for the bacterial cell Waste water from Industrial, domestic, agricultural and commercial Waste that contains the organics substrates like carbohydrates, proteins, volatile acids , cellulose and so…. Fig..Bacteroides fig..Source of waste water

12. WORKING OF MFC Anode and Cathode separated by Cathode specific membrane Microbes at anode oxidize the organic waste and generates electrons and H+ ions H+ ions move to the cathode compartment through the membrane The electrons flow from the bacteria to the anode, sometimes assisted by a mediator or by direct mechanism. Then Electrons transferred to the cathode compartment through external circuit to generate current The electrons from the cathode combine with dissolved oxygen and the H+ ions to form pure H 2 O.

13. Mechanism to transfer electron Direct or Mediated Free type ; Cytochrome or Nanowires Mediated type; Using the Mediators like thionine , methyl blue, humic acid, neutral red to transfer the electron to electrode. Fig..cytochrome and Nano wires Fig..Microbe Nanowire

14. Chemical Reaction Anodic reaction (Oxidation): Cathodic Reaction(Reduction):

15. APPLICATION OF MFC Power generation Biosensor Biogas

16. Waste water and Sewage treatment Desalination Fig..waste water treatment Fig..Desalination

17. Bio-Fuel Application : Gases Hydrogen : Can be used in fuel cells for generating electricity. Methane : Can be combusted directly or converted to ethanol. Fig..Methanol to ethanol Fig..Hydrogen gas used Bus

18. ADVANTAGES Generation of electricity out of biowaste / organic matter Omission of gas treatment Aeration Bioremediation of toxic compounds Waste water treatment and power generation at the same time

19. LIMITATIONS Low power density High initial cost Activation losses Ohmic losses Bacterial metabolic losses

20. CONCLUSION Microbial Fuel Cell technology is clean and effective technology. MFCs have been explored as a new source of electricity generation during operational waste water treatment Phototropic MFCs and solar powered MFC also represent an exceptional attempt in the progress of MFCs technology for electricity production It can be used for production of secondary fuel as well as in bioremediation of toxic compounds However, this technology is only in research stage and more research is required before domestic MFCs can be made available for commercialization

21. REFERENCES Ghangrekar MM, Shinde VB. “Membrane-less microbial fuel cell treating wastewater and effect of electrode distance and area on electricity production” Bioresour Technol. 2007;98(15):2879–2885. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.050.  Sumiao Pang, Yang Gao, Seokheun Choi , “Flexible and stretchable microbial fuel cells with modified conductive and hydrophilic textile "Biosensor and Bioelectronics 100(2018) 504-511 A. S. Vishwanathana,, Kartik S. Aiyera, S. Siva Sankara Saib, Govind Rao, “High-throughput platform for screening microbial fuel cell components”Procedia Technology 27 ( 2017 ) 260 – 262 Yu Tiana ,b,n, Hui Lib, Lipin Lib, Xinying Su, “In-situ integration of microbial fuel cell with hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and membrane fouling mitigation” Biotechnology report 14(2017)47-53. Bruce e. Logan,*Bert Hamelers,Rene Arozendal, “Microbial Fuel Cells: Methodology and Technology”.

22. Thank you “Love your Environment”, only way to save it