Micropropagation stage, plant tissue culture

Plant tissue culture.
Micropropagation.
Features of micropropagation.
Selection of plant material.
Physical environment.
Steps of micropropagation.
Methods of micropropagation.
Organogenesis.
Somatic embbryogenesis.
Stages of somatic embryo development.
Micropropagation limitations.
Applications.
References.

1. Plant Tissue Culture
Micropropagation Stage 2: Shoot Multiplication
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By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. Plant tissue culture.
Micropropagation.
Features of micropropagation.
Selection of plant material.
Physical environment.
Steps of micropropagation.
Methods of micropropagation.
Organogenesis.
Somatic embbryogenesis.
Stages of somatic embryo development.
Micropropagation limitations.
Applications.
References.
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3. Thecultureofplantseeds,organs,tissues,
cells,orprotoplastsonnutrientmediaunder
sterileconditions.
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4. InvitroClonalPropagation.
Micropropagationisthepracticeofrapidly
multiplyingstockplantmaterialtoproducea
largenumberofprogenyplants,usingmodern
planttissueculturemethods.
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5. Clone is a plant population derived from a
single individual by asexual reproduction.
Clonal Propagation is the multiplication of
genetically identical individuals by asexual
reproduction.
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6. Clonal reproduction
Multiplication stage can be recycled many
times to produce an unlimited number of
clones
Easy to manipulate production cycles
Disease-free plants can be produced
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7. Rapid clonal in vitro propagation of plants:
•From cells, tissues or organs
•Cultured aseptically on defined media
•Maintained under controlled conditions of
light and temperature
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8. Commercialization of Micropropagation 1970s & 1980s
Murashige (1974)
Broad commercial application
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9. Tip
bud
Leaf
Axillary
bud
Internode
Root
Starting material for
micropropagation
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10. Part of plant
Genotype
Physiological condition
Season
Position on plant
Size of explant
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11. Temperature
Moisture
Light
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12. Stage I –Establishment of Aseptic Culture
◦Selection of the explantplant
◦Sterilization of the plant tissue takes place
◦Establishment to growth medium
Stage II -Multiplications of shoots
◦Transfer to proliferation media
◦Shoots can be constantly divided
Stage III –Rooting & Hardening
◦explanttransferred to root media
◦explantreturned to soil
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13. Organogenesis
◦Organogenesis via callus formation
◦Direct adventitious organ formation
Embryogenesis
◦Direct embryogenesis
◦Indirect embryogenesis
Microcutting
◦Meristem culture (Mericloning)
◦Bud culture
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14. Theprocessofinitiationanddevelopmentofa
structurethatshowsnaturalorganformand
function.
Theabilityofnon-meristematicplanttissuesto
formvariousorgans.
Theproductionofroots,shootsorleaves.
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15. Theprocessofinitiationanddevelopmentof
embryosorembryo-likestructuresfrom
somaticcells
Theproductionofembryosfromsomaticor
“non-germ”cells.
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16. Somaticembryogenesisisauseful
regenerationpathwayformanymonocotsand
dicots,butisespeciallyusefulforthegrasses
Typesofembryogenesis
◦zygoticembryogenesis–theresultofnormal
pollinationandfertilization
◦somaticembryogenesis–embryosfrom
(cultured)sporophyticcells,thatisembryos
ariseindirectly
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17. Stagesofdevelopment
◦earlycelldivisiondoesn'tfollowafixed
pattern,unlikewithzygoticembryogenesis
◦laterstagesareverysimilartozygotic
embryos(dicotpattern)
globularstage(multicellular)
heart-shapedstage(bilateralsymmetry)–
bipolarity
torpedo-shapedstage–consistsofinitial
cellsfortheshoot/rootmeristem
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19. ◦Technical expertise in management positions
•Protocols not optimized for all species
•Liners may not fit industry standard
•Propagules may be too expensive
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20. •Rapidincreaseofstockofnewvarieties.
•Eliminationofdiseases.
•Cloningofplanttypesnoteasilypropagated
byconventionalmethods.
•Propaguleshaveenhancedgrowthfeatures
(multibranchedcharacter;Ficus,Syngonium)
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21. Plant tissue culture-S.S. Bhojwani & Razdan.
Google-www.google.com.
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