Microscope and Features of Its Essential Components.pptx

Microscope & Features of ts Essential Components

1. NAME;-DR ABDUL SAMAD KHAN DESIGNATION;-SENIOR LECTURER DEPARTMENT;-PHYSIOLOGY E-MAIL; - [email protected] [email protected] Cell No:-03343859565

2. Microscopes DR ABDUL SAMAD KHAN SENIOR LECTURER-DIKIOS DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES.

3. History of the Microscope 1590 –first compound microscope

4. History of the Microscope 1655 – Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to observe pores in cork. He called them “cells”

5. History of the Microscope Antoine van Leeuwenhoek 1 st to see single-celled organisms in pond water

6. Types of Microscopes 1. Compound Light Microscope 1 st type of microscope, most widely used light passes through 2 lenses Can magnify up to 2000x

7. Types of Microscopes 2. Electron Microscope Used to observe VERY small objects: viruses, DNA, parts of cells Uses beams of electrons rather than light Much more powerful

8. Types of Electron Microscopes Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Can magnify up to 250,000x

9. Types of Electron Microscopes Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Can magnify up to 100,000x

10. Always carry with 2 hands Only use lens paper for cleaning Do not force knobs Always store covered The Light Microscope Guidelines for Use

11. Microscope Vocabulary Magnification : increase of an object’s apparent size Resolution : power to show details clearly Both are needed to see a clear image

12. Magnification Your microscope has 3 magnifications: Scanning, Low and High. Each objective will have written the magnification. In addition to this, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. The total magnification is the ocular x objective

13. Rules of using a microscope Always carry with 2 hands Carry by the base and arm with both hands Only use lens paper for cleaning Do not force knobs Always store covered Be careful of the cords

14. How to use a microscope Place the slide on the stage Use stage clips to secure slide Adjust nosepiece to lowest setting (Lowest = shortest objective) Look into eyepiece Use coarse focus knob

15. Focusing Specimens   1. Always start with the Scanning Objective. 2. Place your specimen in the center of your field of view. 3. Use the Coarse Knob to focus. 4. Next , use the Fine knob until clear. 5. Once you've focused on Scanning, switch to Low Power. 6. Repeat steps 3-4. 7. Now , switch to High Power. 8. At this point, ONLY use the ____ ___________ _____ to focus specimens. F ine Adjustment Knob

16. Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nosepiece Arm Objective Lens Stage Stage Clips Coarse Focus Fine Focus Base Diaphragm Light

17. Parts of a microscope

18. Parts of a microscope Eyepiece

19. Parts of a microscope Body tube

20. Parts of a microscope Nosepiece

21. Parts of a microscope Objectives Low power (short) High power (long)

22. Parts of a microscope Arm

23. Parts of a microscope Stage

24. Parts of a microscope Stage clips

25. Parts of a microscope Diaphragm

26. Parts of a microscope Coarse and fine adjustment knobs

27. Parts of a microscope Light source

28. Parts of a microscope Base

29. Magnification Multiply the eyepiece magnification (10X) by the objective magnification (4X, 10X, 40X) Example: 4 x 10 = 40X total

30. How to use a microscope Place the slide on the stage Use stage clips to secure slide Adjust nosepiece to lowest setting (Lowest = shortest objective) Look into eyepiece Use coarse focus knob

31. Cleanup Store microscopes with the scanning objective in place . 2. Wrap cords and cover microscopes.                       *Double check to make sure you didn't leave a slide 3. Place microscopes in their designated location (probably a cabinet)

32. Troubleshooting Occasionally you may have trouble with working your microscope. Here are some common problems and solutions. 1. Image is too dark! Adjust the diaphragm, make sure your light is on. 2. There's a spot in my viewing field , even when I move the slide the spot stays in the same place! Your lens is dirty. Use lens paper, and only lens paper to carefully clean the objective and ocular lens. The ocular lens can be removed to clean the inside.  The spot is probably a spec of dust. 3 . I can't see anything under high power! Remember the steps, if you can't focus under scanning and then low power, you won't be able to focus anything under high power .  Start at scanning and walk through the steps again.  4 . Only half of my viewing field is lit , it looks like there's a half-moon in there! You probably don't have your objective fully clicked into place. .

33. Drawing Specimens 1. Use pencil - you can erase and shade areas 2. All drawings should include clear and proper labels (and be large enough to view details). Drawings should be labeled with the specimen name and magnification . 3. Labels should be written on the outside of the circle. The circle indicates the viewing field as seen through the eyepiece, specimens should be drawn to scale - ie ..if your specimen takes up the whole viewing field, make sure your drawing reflects that.

34. Practice Labeling the Parts