Microsoft sql server architecture

1. Tom Hamilton – America ’ s Channel Database CSE Microsoft SQL Server Architecture

2. Common SQL Server Versions SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2005 Product Overview SQL Server 2008 Product Overview SQL Server 2012 Product Overview

3. SQL Server Components Databases Database Files and File Groups Transaction Logs Backup and Recovery Microsoft Clusters Protocols Disaster Recovery

4. SQL Server Databases System databases Master Model MSDB Resource Tempdb User databases

5. SQL Server Files Binaries Datafiles (.mdf, .ndf) Transaction log files (.ldf) Backup files and snapshot files File groups

6. SQL Server 2005 New Feature: Data Partitioning Using File Groups Resources: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnsql90/html/sql2k5partition.asp http://www.microsoft.com/sql/bi/ProjectREAL/default.mspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ ms190787

7. SQL Server Transaction Log When the end of the logical log reaches the end of the physical log file, the new log records wrap around to the start of the physical log file.

8. SQL Server Recovery Model Architectures Three Models: Simple: Truncate occurs on checkpoint (default in SQL2000) No “ roll-forward ” capability Data loss acceptable Bulk Logged: All operations are logged except bulk operations (BCP, BULK, etc ) (DSS environments) Roll forward capability Some data loss acceptable Full: All ops are logged (Default for SQL Server 2005) Full roll forward/back Least amount of data loss possible

9. SQL Server Recovery Model Architectures Recovery Model Description Work Loss Exposure Recover to point in time? Simple No log backups Changes since the most recent backup are unprotected Can recover only to the end of a backup Full Requires log backups Normally none Can recover to a specific point in time Bulk logged Requires log backups If the log is damaged or bulk-logged operations occurred since the most recent log backup, changes since the last backup must be redone Point in time is not supported

10. SQL Server 2005 New Feature: DB Snapshots – Copy on write Key Points from SQL Books Online (BOL) Intended for reporting to a point in time at mirror site or locally Performance is reduced due to increased I/O on the source database resulting from a copy-on-write operation to the snapshot every time a page is updated. Snapshots of the model, master, and temp databases are prohibited. Specifications of the database snapshot files cannot be changed. Files cannot be dropped from a snapshot. Can ’ t backup or restore snapshots. Can ’ t attach or detach snapshots. Can ’ t clone a snapshot.

11. Microsoft Cluster Server Implementation Considerations Hardware Software Network

12. Protocols FCP iSCSI SCSI/NFS? SMB

13. SQL Server 2005 New Feature: DB Mirroring Database Failover Very fast failover – less than 3 seconds Automatic or manual failover Works with dissimilar hardware and storage Sync and async modes supported More info: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/dbmirror.mspx

14. Microsoft SQL Server Mirror Vs. SnapMirror

15. Microsoft SQL Server Mirror Vs. SnapMirror Data transfers Licenses Server-server vs. controller-controller Reversible sync Failover Database only vs. everything Go for win- win

16. New in SQL Server 2012 Availability Groups http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645581.aspx SMB http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh759341.asp

17. SQL Server Replication Transactional Replication Merge Replication Snapshot replication