microspora.pptx

Microsporidium. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular fungi, but have been historically treated as protozoa. Microsporidia are found in the environment and the entire group contains more than 1200 species from more than 100 genera.

1. Phylum Microspora BY: Syed Hamad Ali Shah TO; Dr. Shumila Irrum

2. contents Classification History Morphology Life Cycle Diseases Lab Diagnosis Cell Culture Treatment

3. classification Kingdom: Fungi Phylum : Microspo ridia Class : Dih aplophasea Order: Dissociodihaplophasida Family: Nosematidae Genus: Nosema

4. History: First protozoans parasites successfully studied and controlled by Louis Pasture. The microsporidia were first recognized as pathogens in silkworms in 1857, these organisms infect host species ranging from protists to human, were first associated with human infections in 1924. In the 9 genera, 13 species are associated with human diseases. Particularly in HIV infected and other immunocompromised individuals.

5. Morphology Microsporidia are classified under phylum Microspora Minute, Intracellular, Gram positive, Spore forming protozoa Genus Coming under Microsporidia Nosema Microsporidium

6. Conti………… Unicellular, Obligate intracellular parasites Reproduce in the host by producing spores(Sporogony) Spores are oval to cylindrical in shape with a polar filament or tubule. Spores – Infective stage of microsporidia Spores – Only stage of life cycle capable of existing outside the host Polar tubule – Extrusion mechanism for injecting infective spore contents into host cell.

7. Conti……………. Spores surrounded by thick double layered cyst wall Outer layer: Exospore (Proteinaceous) Inner layer: Endospore (Chitinous) Spores are gram positive and acid fast

8. Life cycle Infection – Ingestion or inhalation of spores In Duodenum – Spores with its nuclear material is injected through polar tubules into enterocytes Multiply by repeated binary fission (Merogony) produce large number of spores (sporogony) During sporogony thick spore wall is formed protection to parasite Spores released from host cell and infect other cells

9. diseases Opportunistic infections in HIV infected and other immunocompromised host HIV infected – Enterocytozoon bienuesi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis leads to protracted debilitating diarrhea in 10 to 40% cases Enterocytozoon intestinalis – Sinusitis, Cholangitis and Bronchiolitis Pleistophora – Myositis Nosema and Microsporidium – Stomal keratitis associated with truma

10. Lab diagnosis MICROSCOPY: Demonstration of spores in stool, urine, CSF or small intestine biopsy Stained with gram’s stain or modified trichome stain ELECTRON MICROSCOPE – Gold standard DIRECT FLORESCENT METHOD – Using monoclonalantibody

11. Cell culture Microsporidia spores can be cultured in monkey and rabbit kidney cell lines and human fetal lung fibroblast cell lines MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS PCR

12. treatment No specific treatment and effective drug Intestinal Microsporidia – Metronidazole and albendazole Superficial keratoconjunctivitis – Tropical therapy with Fumagillin suspension PROPHYLAXIS Improved personal hygiene and sanitation especially in immunocompromised persons can prevent microsporidia