mifugo kondoo,mbuzi,kuku,nguruwe na ngo'mbe.pptx

ufugaji wa kisasa

1. Livestock Production Cattle ranching and farming Dairy farming Hog and pig farming Sheep and goat farming Poultry and egg production Animal aquaculture

2. Sheep and Goat Production Breeds Production systems Management practices Breeding sheep and goats Wool Diseases Importance of sheep and goat production

3. Sheep Breeds (wool) Merino Most dominant breed in the industry worldwide Very fine fleeces Hardy, long-lived sheep Typically smaller and slower-growing Rambouillet Larger and faster growing than Merino Dominant range ewe in Western U.S. and TX Developed by King Louis XVI

4. Sheep Breeds (crossbred wool breed) Columbia Cross breed between Lincoln rams and Rambouillet rams Largest of crossbred breeds Coarser wool than Rambouillets

5. Sheep Breeds (meat breeds) Hampshire Sired for rapid growth and muscularity One of the most popular sire breeds in commercial sheep production Southdown One of the oldest sheep breeds Produce meaty, lightweight carcasses Low maintenance breed

6. Sheep Breeds (meat breeds) Suffolk Very old breed used as a sire breed in commercial production Rapid growth Produce lean, muscular carcasses

7. Goat Breeds Goats can be bred for: Wool Meat Milk

8. Goat Breeds Angora Produces mohair (world’s finest and most valuable hair) Sheared twice a year Produced by kid goats (hair gets coarser as they age) Managed primarily under range conditions

9. Goat Breeds Boer Hardy, fast growing goat produced for meat Good spring of rib, body length, and muscle tone

10. Goat Breeds Spanish Goat ‘ spanish goat’ is used interchangeably with meat goat Mixed breed origin Mostly kept for meat production High variability in appearance

11. Goat Breeds Nubian Most popular breed of registered dairy goat in the U.S. High butterfat, but does not produce as much milk as some other breeds Sometimes referred to as the “Jersey of milk goats”

12. Sheep Production Systems Intensive Management Systems Farm flock operations Lamb feedlot Extensive Management Systems Southwestern range operations Northwestern range operations

13. Farm-flock Operations Common in the Midwest Smaller in size – part of a diversified farming operation Primarily concerned with lamb production Maternal lines for prolific and heavy milking are mated to sire lines for fast growing and muscular carcasses to maximize pounds of high quality market lambs

14. Lamb Feedlot Intensively managed system where lambs are concentrated in a small area and fed diets that vary from 30-90% concentrate (either corn or milo) All of the feed is harvested then brought directly to the lamb Colorado is the leading lamb state

15. Southwestern Range Operations Usually use fine-wool type ewes Sheep are adaptable to the environmental conditions Produce high quality fine-wool fleeces and fast growing lambs Major impact factors: Rainfall Predators Prices for lambs and wool

16. Northwestern Range Operations Greater abundance of feed than the Southwest Larger, coarser-fleeced ewes used Flocks produce a greater number of lambs per ewe Often graze f ederal lands managed by the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management

17. Goat Production Systems Hair Production Angora (mohair) Cashmere Meat Production No grading system for meat goats, so there is great inconsistency in product Dairy G oat Production Very intensively managed system that mimics the dairy cattle industry

18. Hair Production

19. Meat Production

20. Dairy Goat Production

21. Common Management Practices Range vs. Shed Lambing/Kidding Docking & Castration Crutching/Facing Drenching/Spraying Predator control Herding

22. Range vs. Shed Lambing/Kidding Range Ewes and nannies generally lamb/kid easily on the range without assistance Genetics and nutrition are priorities to make sure problems with dystocia are minimized Shed Ewes and lambs/kids are brought into a barn and put in ‘jugs’ until they are properly bonded More labor and expenses in facilities are required Allows for closer monitoring for health problems

23. Docking and Castration Docking and castration are best performed at the same time – around 2-4 weeks of age Procedures are less stressful early in life Methods for each procedure: Docking Knife Elastrator Emasculator Electric docker Castration Knife Elastrator Burdizzo All-in-one castrator

24. Docking and Castration

25. Crutching and Facing Crutching is shearing of wool from the reproductive area and mammary system of ewes before parturition Keeps area free of dirt and fecal matter Facing is shearing of the wool from the facial area Prevents obstruction of vision

26. Drenching and Spraying Drenching and spraying are for the removal of internal and external parasites

27. Predator Control Sheep and goats have many predators Mountain lions W olves Putting different animals in the same paddocks or pens can help protect the sheep or goat herd Great Pyrenees Donkeys Llamas

28. Herding Working dogs Border collies Australian shepherds

29. How do you age sheep and goats? Use their teeth! All lamb’s teeth are small (baby teeth) Yearlings have two large incisors 2 year olds have two sets of large incisors 3 year olds have three sets of large incisors 4 year olds have a full mouth of large teeth

30. Breeding Sheep Characteristics that are bred: Skeletal correctness Frame Wide chest and ribcage Muscularity Fleece (density, fineness, uniformity of grade)

31. Fleece crimp examples Lamb Body Characteristic Areas

32. Wool Production Shearing – done in the spring and takes 2-3 minutes Grading – sorting wool according to fineness and length Packaging – each bale contains ~500 lbs Storage – bales are sampled and processed to determine wool yeild Marketing Manufacturing – sorted and cleaned before being processed into yarn

33. Wool Evaluation Wools are classified based on three main factors: Yield Grade Staple length Other factors can also include: Uniformity Color

34. Diseases Disease Cause Symptoms Treatment Prevention Enterotoxemia Clostridium perfringens (bacteria) Tumors, convulsions, diarrhea, death Penicillin, fluids, vitamins, cortisone Vaccinating ewes before lambing Soremouth Virus (transmittable to humans) Scabs around mouth, nostrils, eyes Vaccines Tetanus Clostridium tetani (bacteria) Stiffness in joints, lockjaw Vaccinating ewes before lambing Caseous Lymphadenitis Bacteria Internal/external abscesses that contain greenish pus, weight loss, poor milk production Isolate infected animals, shear infected animals last Toxoid vaccine Coccidiosis Slow growth, morbidity, death in some Alleviate stress at weaning/hauling Internal Parasites Harmonchus contortus (worm) Anemia, weakness, sudden death, bottle jaw Deworming, pasture rotation Extenal Parasites Flies, lice, ticks… Anemia, wool break, twitching, stomping, etc. Ivomec or Ectrin , organophosphates Scrapie Prion protein? (Unclear) Itching, tremors, gait abnormalities, weight loss, prefer salt to fresh water none Avoid contact with infected animals – all replacements should come from a scrapie -free source

35. Importance of Sheep and Goat Production Provide valuable asset in addressing future food shortages High reproductive rate + ability to utilize otherwise unusable forage sources = valuable Complement to beef cattle: use different proportion of grass, forbes , and browse