MIL P1-L1-Introduction to media and information literacy.pptx

MIL

1. INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (PART 1) PHILLIP LANCE MIJARES Instructor

2. LEARNING COMPETENCIES Learners will be able to… define communication and media; identify the two basic types of communication; discuss the elements of communication and communication models; describe how communication is affected by media and information;

3. Learners will be able to… identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy; and define Media and Information Literacy. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

4. TOPIC OUTLINE I- Introduction to Media and Information Literacy A- Communication 1. Definitions 2. Basic Types 3. Elements 4. Communication Models B. How Media and Information Affect Communication

5. I- Introduction to Media and Information Literacy (Cont.) C. Similarities and Differences of Media Literacy, Information Literacy, and Technology Literacy D. Media and Information Literacy (MIL) 1. Definitions TOPIC OUTLINE

6. Without consulting other sources of information, ask yourself what the following words mean to you: Communication Media Information Technology Literacy   Try to compare your own understanding of these terms to those presented in this module. How similar or different are your ideas with those in the discussion? COMMUNICATION

7. COMMUNICATION FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION What is communication? Why do we communicate? How do we communicate? Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

8. COMMUNICATION - Its nature, attributes and purpose

9. COMMUNICATION WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else (http://www.merriam-webster.com) the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding (http://dictionary.cambridge.org)

10. COMMUNICATION P r an a v M ist r y "Ef f e c ti v e c o m muni c ation o c c u r s o n ly if t he r e c e i v er unde r s t a n ds t he e x act inf o rmati o n or idea t hat t he s e n d er i n t ended t o t r a n smit. M a n y of t he p r o b lems t hat o c c u r in an o r ga n i z ation a r e ei t her t he di r e c t r e s ult o f p e ople f ail i ng t o c o m muni c a t e a n d/ o r p r o c e s s e s , w hi c h leads t o c o n fu s ion a n d c an c ause g o od plans t o f ail."

11. COMMUNICATION Nature and Attributes Two-way process:- Knowledge of language:-

12. COMMUNICATION Nature and Attributes Meeting of minds necessary:- The message must substance:-

13. COMMUNICATION Nature and Attributes Communication may be made through gestures as well:- Communication is a continuous process:-

14. COMMUNICATION Nature and Attributes Communication may be formal or informal:- Communication is all pervasive:- existing in every part of something : spreading to all parts of something

15. COMMUNICATION Purpose Survival Relationship Persuasion

16. COMMUNICATION Purpose Power Co-operation

17. COMMUNICATION Essence It is a 2-way process . C o m muni c ation p r o c e s s hap p ens bet w e e n or am o ng t w o or m o r e pa r ti e s . (Sender a nd R e c e i v e r ) Communication involves exchange of ideas, feelings, information, thoughts, and knowledge. Communication involves mutuality of understanding Sender and Receiver There are two types of Communication i.e., Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication.

18. COMMUNICATION Types People communicate with each other in a number of ways that depend upon the message and its context in which it is being sent. Choice of communication channel and your style of communicating also affects communication. So, there are variety of types of communication.

19. COMMUNICATION Types of communication based on the communication channels used are: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION VERBAL COMMUNICATION

20. Verbal Communication COMMUNICATION Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; Verbal Communication is further divided into: Oral Communication Written Communication Communication is influence by pitch , volume , speed and clarity of speaking . Oral Communication Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations , speech , telephonic conversation , video , radio , television , voice over internet. It brings quick feedback. In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being said or not. Advantages: In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he is delivering. Disadvantage

21. Verbal Communication COMMUNICATION Written Communication written signs or symbols are used to communicate. a written message may be printed or hand written. message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc. - is influenced by the vocabulary & grammar used , writing style , precision and clarity of the language used. Advantages Messages can be edited and revised many time before it is actually sent. Written communication provide record for every message sent and can be saved for later study. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback. Disadvantages Unlike oral communication, Written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback. It take more time in composing a written message as compared to word-of-mouth. and number of people struggles for writing ability.

22. COMMUNICATION Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. We can say that communication other than oral and written, such as gesture , body language , posture , tone of voice or facial expressions , is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is all about the body language of speaker . Nonverbal communication helps receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, nonverbal signals reflects the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes nonverbal response contradicts verbal communication and hence affect the effectiveness of message. Nonverbal communication have the following three elements: Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings Appearance facial expressions, gestures, postures Body Language Sounds Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate

23. COMMUNICATION Nonverbal Communication

24. COMMUNICATION Nonverbal Communication

25. Types of Communication Based on Purpose and Style COMMUNICATION Based on style and purpose, there are two main categories of communication and they both bears their own characteristics. Communication types based on style and purpose are: Formal Communication Informal Communication Formal Communication In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and principles are followed while communicating message. Formal communication occurs in formal and o ffi cial style . Usually professional settings, corporate meetings, conferences undergoes in formal pattern. In formal communication, use of slang and foul language is avoided and correct pronunciation is required . Authority lines are needed to be followed in formal communication. Informal Communication Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal communication channels. It’s just a casual talk. It is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-face discussions. It happens among friends and family. In informal communication use of slang words, foul language is not restricted . Usually, informal communication is done orally and using gestures. Informal communication, Unlike formal communication, doesn’t follow authority lines. In an organization, it helps in finding out staff grievances as people express more when talking informally. Informal communication helps in building relationships.

26. Formative Assessment: Recitation Why is communication a process? What are the important elements of communication? How can we achieve an effective communication with other people? Photo Credit: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/157837161915025462/ https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communication-process-1689767

27. Communication Process is a two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of creating a  shared understanding . (Business) The goal of communication is to convey information—and the understanding of that information—from one person or group to another person or group.  Robert Kreitner defined, “Communication process is a chain made up of identifiable links. The chain includes sender, encoding, message, receiver, decoding, and feedback.” In the opinion of S. K. Kapur , “The communication process is the method by which the sender transfers information and understanding to the receiver.” COMMUNICATION

28. According to Bovee , Thill and Schatzman , “The communication process consists of six phases linking sender and receiver.” C. B. Mamoria has pointed out the parts of communication process by saying, “That communication process model is making up of seven steps or parts: a. the communication b. Encoding c. The message and the medium or channel, d. reception by the receiver e. decoding f. Action and g. feedback.” is the set of some sequential steps involved in transferring message as well as feedback. Communication Process COMMUNICATION

29. Communication Process: Elements COMMUNICATION Sender Encoding Message Channel Receiver Decoding Feedback Noise

30. COMMUNICATION Communication loop / The process of communication Every bit of message communicated undergoes a certain process involving more than one person. Nobody communicates to a vacuum or wilderness. Communication is considered effective if it receives the desired result, response or reaction.

31. The speaker generates an idea. The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or actions. The speaker transmits or sends out a message. The receiver gets the message. The receiver decodes or interprets based on the context . The receiver sends or provides feedback . COMMUNICATION Process of Communication

32. Measures to improve communication effectiveness are as follows Communication of Clarification of the idea. Communication should be according to the needs of the receiver. Consulting others before communication. Awareness about the language, tone and body postures and gestures. Convey information useful to the receiver. Ensure proper feedback. Follow up communications. Be a good listener. Communication Process: Effectiveness COMMUNICATION

33. Lasswell's model of communication  (also known as  Lasswell's communication model ) describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what channel it was said, to whom it was said, and with what effect it was said. It is regarded by many  communication  and  public relations  scholars as "one of the earliest and most influential  communication models ." COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION MODELS - Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948) Communication Models

34. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948) refers the research area called “Control Analysis” refers to “Content Analysis” refers to “Media Analysis” refers to “Audience Analysis” refers to “Effect Analysis”

35. Though Lasswell’s model was developed to analyze  mass communication , this model is used for interpersonal communication or group communication to be disseminated message to various groups in various situations. Lasswell’s model was developed to study the media propaganda of countries and businesses at that time. Only rich people used to have communication mediums such as televisions and radios back them. It was made to show the mass media culture. COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION MODELS - Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948) Communication Models

36. Disadvantages and Criticisms of Lasswell’s Model it does not include feedback and it ignores the possibility of noise. Without feedback, a communication process can not be fruitful. Very linear and does not consider  barriers in the communication process . Being very general and only including very traditional topics. Very simplistic Propaganda based as it is more focused on the resulting outcome and generally used for media persuasion. COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION MODELS - Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948) Communication Models

37. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948) Shannon and Weaver model is the most popular model of communication and is widely accepted all over the world. Shannon and weaver model simply proposes that a message actually originates from the person who gets the thought or has the information.

38. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948) Photo Credit: http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/ The originator of message or the information source selects desire message The transmitter which converts the message into signals The reception place of the signal which converts signals into message. The destination of the message from sender The model is clearly deals with external noises only which affect the messages or signals from external sources.

39. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948) Criticism of Shannon-Weaver model of communication One of the simplest model and its generally applied in various communication theories The model which attracts both academics of Human communication and Information theorist to leads their further research in communication It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience The model based on “Sender and Receiver”. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive)

40. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948) Criticism of Shannon-Weaver model of communication Communication is not a one way process.  If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength. For example: Audience or receiver who listening a radio, reading the books or watching television is a one way communication because absence of feedback Understanding Noise will helps to solve the various problems in communication

41. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication (1957) This model can be applied in two contexts: interpersonal and  mass communication , the point of difference being the feedback. Feedback is direct and fast in interpersonal communication and indirect and slow in mass communication. The model also differentiates message as purposive and non-purposive. The process of communication in Westley and MacLean’s model of communication starts when the source creates a message from his/her environment. The communicator acts and creates the message as a response to the sensory experience with his/her own objects of orientation.

42. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication (1957) Then, the response is coded after interpreting the environmental response. The coded message is transmitted to a second respondent who interprets the message differently according to his/her objects of orientation and provide feedback to the sender.

43. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication (1957) Event or Information (X1, X2, X3 and X4… Xn ) Feedback (f) Advocate (A) Channel (C) Audience (B)

44. Advantages of Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication There is the concept of feedback. As the message comes from the environment, sensory field improves the message formation. Social and other factors are included in objects of orientation. The model can be applied to interpersonal, group communication as well as mass communication. The model is very descriptive. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication (1957)

45. Disadvantages of Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication There are many variables even for simple communication which makes the model very complicated. The model is only two-dimensional and does not explain communication which involves multiple messages and complicated messages. The information can get modified while sending it from the sender to the receiver as there can be noise. The model does not account for noise in communication. COMMUNICATION Communication Models TRANSMISSION MODELS - Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication (1957)

46. COMMUNICATION Communication Models RECEPTION MODELS - Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication (1954) It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular in nature This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way. It is not a traditional model. Semantic noise is a concept introduced here it occurs when sender and receiver apply different meaning to the same message.

47. COMMUNICATION Communication Models RECEPTION MODELS - Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication (1954) Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change It shows why redundancy is an essential part There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person Assume communication to be circular in nature Feedback – central feature. Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

48. COMMUNICATION Communication Models RECEPTION MODELS - Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication (1954) This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding. Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

49. COMMUNICATION Communication Models RECEPTION MODELS - Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960) The berlo’s model follows the smcr model this model is not specific to any particular communication. This model believes that for an effective communication to take place the source and the receiver needs to be in the same level, only if the source and receiver are on the same level communication will happen or take place properly. So source and receiver should be similar

50. COMMUNICATION Communication Models RECEPTION MODELS - Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960)

51. COMMUNICATION Communication Models RECEPTION MODELS - Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960) Criticism of berlo’s smcr model of communication: No feedback / don’t know about the effect Does not mention barriers to communication No room for noise Complex model It is a linear model of communication Needs people to be on same level for communication to occur but not true in real life Main drawback of the model is that the model omits the usage of sixth sense as a channel which is actually a gift to the human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc ).

52. COMMUNICATION Media and Information- The Means and the Ends of Communication Media and Information - two distinct elements that are intrinsically interconnected with the concept of communications

53. PICTURE ANALYSIS Photo Credit: http://www.ovrdrv.com/10-levels-of-intimacy-in-todays-communication/ What is the message in this illustration? Do you agree with this illustration regarding communication? Why or why not?

54. PICTURE ANALYSIS Photo Credit: https://www.facebook.com/sarcasmLOL/photos/a.1521463861515726.1073741828.1515871602074952/2049225658739541/?type=3&theater Guide Questions 1. What is the message all about? 2. Do you agree with the message? 3. What important lesson can we derived from this poster?

55. Photo Credit: http://www.quickmeme.com/p/3w26jo Values Integration: What values can you integrate in this picture

56. VIDEO PRESENTATION Media Minute Introduction: What is media anyway? YouTube Channel: MediaSmarts Date Uploaded: Oct. 17, 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw

57. How is communication affected by media and information? MEDIA Photo Credit : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EU-Media-Futures-Forum-pic_0.jpg and: http://hallr.com/category/school-communication/ Communication INFORMATION Media  are the collective  communication   outlets or tools used to  store  and deliver   information  or  data . Information  is any entity or form that provides the answer to a  question  of some kind or resolves  uncertainty .

58. How is communication affected by media and information? There are two ways to look at this question: Media as a source of information: Media as a medium of communication

59. How is communication affected by media and information? Media as a source of information: Communication by definition is, “the transmission of information followed by feedback.” Presence of information that needs to be conveyed 3 parts to communication: It has to be transmitted over a wired or wireless media ( eg : landlines, mobiles, public address system) This totally depends on where you and your audience are situated. Feedback is the heart of communication. No feedback, No communication!

60. How is communication affected by media and information? Media as a medium of communication This would imply whether your media is wired or wireless.

61. There are many ways  the media  (collective journalistic enterprise) affects communication. How is communication affected by media and information? It shapes public discourse.  I t can foreclose “other” perspectives.   It can open up “other” perspectives. The media can also impact: Our rate of speech. Our vocabulary. Our logic of argument. Our use of emotional appeals. Our of deployment of evidence. Our style of writing. Our method of persuading. Our ways of processing information. Our conception of “the truth.”

62. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION How do you use Facebook as a tool or medium for communication? How did Facebook affect or change the way we communicate with other people? How did Facebook affect the quantity and quality of information available to people? Is it a good thing or bad thing?

63. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT! “The speed of communications is wondrous to behold. It is also true that speed can multiply the distribution of information that we know to be untrue.” Edward R. Murrow (April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965), American broadcast journalist. Source: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_communication2.html Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?

64. VIDEO PRESENTATION

65. Media and Information Literacy literacy as a concept has proved to be both complex and dynamic, continuing to be interpreted and defined in a multiplicity of ways. A socially accepted association among ways of using language, of thinking, and of acting that can be used to identify oneself as a member of a socially meaningful group or “social network” Literacy is a human right, a tool of personal empowerment and a means for social and human development. Literacy

66. Media and Information Literacy When you are literate, you are expected to be intellectually critical in interpreting the things that you see and experience around you. You are able to decode and have a deeper understanding of how things are and how they work. Being a literate also means empowering you to be able to affect change to yourself and to others. Literacy

67. VIDEO PRESENTATION Guide Questions What are the basic components of Media and Information Literacy? What is Media Literacy? Information Literacy? Digital literacy? How are these literacies connected or related to each other?

68. VIDEO PRESENTATION Introduction to Media and Information Literacy YouTube Channel: Arniel Ping Retrieved October 26, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-Y6LRIppU4

69. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: 3 Circle Venn Diagram Media Literacy Information Literacy Technology (Digital) Literacy

70. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: 3 Circle Venn Diagram Media Literacy Ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media Information Literacy Ability recognize information when needed Technology (Digital) Literacy Ability to use technology to locate, evaluate, use and create information Similarities of A & B -They are connected by spreading information around the people with types of media Similarities of B & C -They cooperate together to contribute to the promotion of new literacy in knowledge societies Similarities of A & C -Both are essential for individuals to function and succeed in today’s society Similarities of A, B, and C - It is an ability of a person to know, create, evaluate, use a certain thing. It also the mastery and understanding of a thing

71. Media and Information Literacy An umbrella term for a number of competencies, skills and underst and ings associated with contemporary communication and information practices. This term encompasses the more specific term digital literacy , which is associated with digital media practices. The skills required to critically access and assess media ted information while underst and ing media functions in our daily lives. A combination of two distinct areas,  information literacy and media literacy . Literacies, in that sense, emerge as a concept capable of providing new insights into the reality of practices in network. Media and Information Literacy  (MIL) is an approach recently developed by UNESCO that take into consideration the new cultures emerging from the  Information  Society.

72. Media and Information Literacy Some prefer the terms  Media Literacy , News  Literacy , Digital  Literacy ,  Information Literacy and Media  Studies. Researchers  and  librarians world-wide are also contributing to the development of these educational initiatives. Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is a “combination of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and practices required to access , analyze , evaluate , use , produce , and communicate information and knowledge in creative, legal and ethical ways that respect human rights”  Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is a “combination of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and practices required to access, analyze, evaluate, use, produce, and communicate information and knowledge in creative, legal and ethical ways that respect human rights” (Moscow Declaration on Media and Information Literacy, 2012).  

73. Created by Mr. Arniel Ping using Meme Generator: imgflip What is Media and Information Literacy?

74. the concept of Media and Information Literacy (MIL,) understood as a composite concept that harmonizes the approach between media and information literacy. MIL as a composite concept includes a broad range of skills and sources of information, such as: library literacy, news literacy, digital literacy, computer literacy, Internet literacy, freedom of expression and freedom of information literacy, television literacy, advertising literacy, cinema literacy, and games literacy. the notion of MIL includes in its base a multi-stakeholder approach. Media and Information Literacy Media and Information Literacy: A Composite Concept

75. Created by Mr. Arniel Ping using Meme Generator: imgflip What is Media and Information Literacy?

76. MEDIA FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: Analyze and explain this illustration. RECEIVE INFORMATION DIGITAL TRADITIONAL SHARE INFORMATION LOOK FOR INFORMATION RECEIVE INFORMATION LOOK FOR INFORMATION SHARE INFORMATION

77. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL)

78. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: Recitation Created by Mr. Arniel Ping using Meme Generator: imgflip

79. Source: MIL Policy and Strategy Guidelines by UNESCO, 2013 Media and Information Literacy (MIL) refers to the essential competencies (knowledge, skills and attitude) that allow citizens to engage with media and other information providers effectively and develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills for socializing and becoming active citizens

80. REFERENCES Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan , Diwa Learning Systems Inc. UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers http://communicationtheory.org/category/communication-models/page/2/

81. REFERENCES http://communicationtheory.org/types-of-communication/ http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/media-literacy/mil-as-composite-concept/ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002246/224655e.pdf http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ict/Workshops/RDTC_15ch/S6D3-Ramon.pdf