Milady Ch7 Skin Structure, Growth, Nutrition UPDATED

Milady Ch 7

1. Lesions. Gland Disorders. Pigmentation. Skin Cancer. Health & Prevention MILADY SKIN STRUCTURE, NUTRITION & GROWTH

2. " Your skin will be with you throughout life's journey. Treat it well. "

3. Skin Structure, Growth & Nutrition Skin Structure Functions of the skin Nutrition & Vitamins How & why cosmetologist need to be properly informed & educated

4. There are 100 trillion cells but only 10 trillion are human! Most the other 90 trillion are bacteria, parasites & fungi - Demodex Folliculorum lives in human hair follicles- up to 25 mites in 1 hair follicle!

5. Blaschko's  Lines

6. DERMATOLOGY is the medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, its nature, structure, functions, diseases & treatments DERMATOLOGIST - physician who specializes in diseases & disorders of the skin, hair & nails - UP T0 12 YEARS of training ESTHETICIAN - specializes in cleansing, beautification & preservation of the health of skin on the body Cosmetologists can clean skin, preserve health of skin & beautify the skin; depending on state laws/regulations

7. SKIN SPECIFICS And most important organ 3,000 square inches = 20 square feet Weighs about 6-9 pounds & protects muscle, bones & nerves Barrier against the environment 1. 2. 3. 4.

8. SKIN SPECIFICS Healthy skin : Is free of visible diseases, infection or injury Slightly moist Soft & Flexible Slightly acidic Immune Responses 5.

9. SKIN SPECIFICS APPENDAGES of the skin: WHY DO WE HAVE THEM?? Nails Hair Sudoriferous & Sebaceous Glands Calluses Skin on Scalp: Larger/deeper follicles

10. What is dermatology? Where is the skin the thinnest? Thickest? How long does a Dermatologist need training for? What is the difference between Esthetician and Dermatologist? What is the largest organ? How much does your skin weigh? What are some qual ities of healthy skin? What are some appendages of the skin?

11. SKIN SPECIFICS The skin has 3 layers but is composed of 2 Main Divisions: The Epidermis The Dermis

12. EPIDERMIS - No blood vessels; many small nerve endings; 5 layers Area cosmetologist treat Horny layer O utermost scale like, constantly shed cells contain keratin barrier function preventing water loss and protection Clear transparent layer S mall keratin cells T hicker on palms of hands/soles of feet Area that require a lot of stretch STRATUM CORNEUM STRATUM LUCIDUM

13. EPIDERMIS Granular layer C ells that look like granules F illed with keratin C ells die as they replace the cells that are shed Beginning of keratinization Spiny layer W here the shedding begins Change shape as Keratin expands Releases lipids Deepest layer live layer that produces new epidermal skin cells C ontains melanocytes; S tratum B asale Microblading STRATUM GRANULOSUM STRATUM SPINOSUM STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

14. DERMIS - Inner layer; Derma, curium, cutis or true skin . 25 times thicker; highly sensitive; made up of 2 layers- PAPILLARY ( superficial ) RETICULAR ( deeper ) Papillary Reticular *Tattoo ink lives here- Fibroblasts

15. Tactile corpuscles Epidermal-dermal junction Melanocytes PAPILLARY LAYER ; Superficial Dermal Papillae

16. RETICULAR LAYER - Deeper; oxygen/nutrients Fat cells Sudoriferous/ Blood vessels Arrector pili /Sebaceous / Adipose Hair Follicle Lymph Vessel Nerve

17. 2 parts of the skin? Epidermis has how many layers? Which is the horny layer? Another name for the dermis? What are the 2 parts of the dermis? What are arrector pili muscles? What is another name for fatty tissue? What are the 2 types of glands? What else is found in the reticular layer?

18. FLUIDS OF THE SKIN- Reticular Dermis BLOOD - delivers nutrients & oxygen to the skin; takes away carbon dioxide. Nutrients from food are needed for life, repair & growth LYMPH - clear fluids of the body that bathe the skin cells, remove toxins, cellular waste & protect against disease; Blood arteries & lymph vessels send smaller branches to hair papillae, follicle & skin glands

19. NERVES OF THE SKIN MOTOR NERVE FIBERS are directed to arrector pili; motor never fibers carry impulses from brain to muscles

20. NERVES OF THE SKIN SECRETORY NERVE FIBERS are distributed to sweat & oil glands; regulate excretion of perspiration & flow of sebum to skin

21. NERVES OF THE SKIN SENSORY NERVE FIBERS react to heat, cold, touch, pressure & pain; sends messages to the brain

22. NERVES OF THE SKIN PAPILLARY LAYER houses nerve endings; most abundant in fingertips Deep pressure: tendons, joints Epithelial tissue, pain & pressure Hairless areas: lips, fingertips

23. SKIN COLOR Depends on MELANIN; hereditary, varies among races & nationalities; Genes determine amount of pigment produced

24. MELANIN

25. MELANIN PHEOMELANIN EUMELANIN

26. MELANIN- Sun Protection

27. Collagen & Elastin make up 70% of the DERMIS ; gives strength, form & flexibility COLLAGEN - F ibrous protein G ives skin form & strength A llows s k in to contract & stretch; W eakened fibers result in wrinkles ELASTIN - S imilar protein G ives flexibility & elasticity H elps regain shape after stretching & expanding

28. What are the 2 kinds of fluid in the skin? Sensory nerves allow what? Motor nerves are responsible for? What layer of skin has the nerve endings? What makes up skin color? What are some ways to protect our skin? What is the difference between collagen and elastin?

29. GLANDS OF THE SKIN Sudoriferous Glands Sweat glands; excrete perspiration & detoxify by excreting excess salt & chemicals; SECRETORY COIL and TUBE LIKE DUCT All over the body, more numerous in the palms of hand, soles of feet, forehead & underarms Regulates body temperature

30. GLANDS OF THE SKIN Sebaceous Glands Oil Glands whose ducts open into hair follicles S ecrete SEBUM that lubricates skin Found everywhere but palms & soles ; When sebum hardens & the duct becomes clog, a comedo is formed

31. OPEN COMEDO Sebum hardens & the duct becomes clogged; black head; hair follicle filled with dead keratinized cells & sebum

32. CLOSED COMEDO Filled with dead cells & sebum; small surface follicle opening; appears white & just under the skin surface

33. Acne vulgaris - skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the SEBACEOUS glands R etained secretions & the bacteria ( PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ; technical term: P. Acnes ) ACNE

34. PAPULE PUSTULE Pimple S mall elevation on the skin C ontains no fluid but may develop pus Raised I nflamed papule with a white /yellow center C ontains pus- referred to as the head

35. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN SHAPES S ensation H eat regulation A bsorption P rotection E xcretion S ecretion

36. Skin disorder, fatigue, stress, depression & disease can be caused by unhealthy diet or improper hydration For cell repair & replacement Run every function on the body Hormones, sebum & absorption of fat soluble of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K 50-70 % of body's weight; needed for EVERY function

37. USDA developed a program to help determine the amount of food they need to eat from the 5 basic food groups

38. DIETARY GUIDELINES

39. Protects skin from suns UV light Improves elasticity & thickness; overall health of skin Accelerates skin healing; fights aging Promotes rapid healing VITAMINS play an important role in skins health 13 Essential vitamins: A,C,D,E,K & B-Complex vitamins A,D,E,K- fat soluble C, B-complex- water soluble (body uses and loses easily - replenish!)

40. What does the Sebaceous gland secrete? Where do we NOT have them? What is the purpose of the Sudoriferous gland? What is the difference between an open and closed comedo ? What bacteria is responsible for acne? What does SHAPES stand for? Since what we put in our bodies reflects in our hair, skin and nails- what are some tips to keep our skin/body healthy?